See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

ANTOINE See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• THOMSON, JAMES (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

THOMSON See also:

• ANTOINE THOMSON ABBADIE
• ABBADIE, JAKOB (1654?–1727)

ABBADIE  D' (1810–1897), and See also:

• ARNAUD, HENRI (1641-1721)

ARNAUD See also:

• MICHEL
• MICHEL, CLAUDE
• MICHEL, FRANCISQUE XAVIER (1809-1887)

MICHEL D' (181j 1893), two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers notable for their travels in See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia during the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . They were both See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, of a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FATHER

father and an Irish See also:

• MOTHER

mother, See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine in 1810 and Arnaud in 1815 . The parents re-moved to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in 1818, and there the brothers received a careful scientific See also:

• EDUCATION

education . In 1835 the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy sent Antoine on a scientific See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, the results being published at a later date (1873) under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Observations relatives a la physique du globe faites au See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil et en Ethiopie . The younger See also:

• ABBADIE, ANTOINE THOMSON
• ABBADIE, JAKOB (1654?–1727)

Abbadie spent some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• ALGERIA
• ALGERIA (Algerie)

Algeria before, in 1837, the two brothers started for Abyssinia, landing at See also:

• MASSAWA, or MASSOWAII

Massawa in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1838 . They visited various parts of Abyssinia, including the then little-known districts of Ennarea and Kaff a, sometimes together and sometimes separately . They met with many difficulties and many adventures, and became involved in See also:

• POLITICAL

political intrigues, Antoine especially exercising such See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence as he possessed in favour of France and the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic missionaries . After See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting much valuable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information concerning the See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography, See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology, See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

archaeology and natural See also:

• HISTORY

history of Abyssinia, the brothers returned to France in 1848 and began to prepare their materials for publication . The younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother, Arnaud, paid another visit to Abyssinia in 18J3 . The more distinguished brother, Antoine, became involved in various controversies See also:

• RELATING

relating both to his See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical results and his political intrigues . He was especially attacked by C . T .

See also:

• BEKE, CHARLES TILSTONE (1800-1874)

Beke, who impugned his veracity, especially with reference to the See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• KAFFA

Kaffa . But time and the investigations of subsequent explorers have shown that Abbadie was quite trustworthy as to his facts, though wrong in his contention—hotly contested by Beke—that the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile was the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main stream . The topographical results of his explorations were published in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1860–1873 in Geodesie d' Ethiopic, full of the most valuable information and illustrated by ten maps . Of the Geographic de l'Ethiopie (Paris, 1890) only one See also:

• VOLUME

volume has been published . In Un See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue raisonne de manuscrits ethiopiens (Paris, 18J9) is a description of 234 Ethiopian See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts collected by Antoine . He also compiled various vocabularies, including a Dictionnaire de la langue amarinna (Paris, 1881), and prepared an edition of the Shepherd of Hernias, with the Latin version, in 186o . He published numerous papers dealing with the geography of Abyssinia, Ethiopian coins and See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions . Under the title of Reconnaissances magnetiques he published in 1890 an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the magnetic observations made by him in the course of several journeys to the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea and the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general account of the travels of the two brothers was published by Arnaud in 1868 under the title of Douze ans clans la Haute-Ethiopie . Both brothers received the See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 185o . Antoine was a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour and a member of the Academy of Sciences . He died in 1897, and bequeathed an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees, yielding 40,000 francs a See also:

• YEAR

year, to the Academy of Sciences, on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of its producing within fifty years a catalogue of half-a-million stars .

His brother Arnaud died in 1893 . (J . S .