ABBAS I  . (c . 1557—1628 or 1629), shah of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, called the See also:

• GREAT

Great, was the son of shah Mahommed (d . 1586) . In the midst of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general anarchy in Persia, he was proclaimed ruler of See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan, and obtained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• THRONE

throne in 1586 . Deter-See also:

• MINED

mined to raise the fallen fortunes of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, he first•directed his efforts against the predatory Uzbegs, who occupied and harassed Khorasan . After a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and severe struggle, he regained See also:

• MESHED (properly Mash-had, " the place of martyrdom ")

Meshed, defeated them in a great See also:

• BATTLE

battle near See also:

• HERAT

Herat in 1597, and drove them out of his dominions . In the See also:

• WARS

wars he carried on with the See also:

• TURKS

Turks during nearly the whole of his reign, his successes were numerous, and he acquired, or regained, a large extent of territory . By the victory he gained at Bassora in 1605 he ex-tended his See also:

• EMPIRE

empire beyond the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates; See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan Ahmed I. was forced to cede See also:

• SHIRVAN

Shirvan and See also:

• KURDISTAN

Kurdistan in 1611; the See also:

• UNITED

united armies of the Turks and See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars were completely defeated near Sultanieh in 1618, and Abbas made See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace on very favourable terms; and on the Turks renewing the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, See also:

• BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD

Bagdad See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into his hands after a See also:

• YEAR

year's See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege in 1623 . In 1622 he took the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Ormuz from the Portuguese, by the assistance of the See also:

• BRITISH

British, and much of its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade was diverted to the See also:

• TOWN

town of Bander-Abbasi, which was named after the shah . When he died, his dominions reached from the See also:

• TIGRIS (Old Persian Tigrd, Diklat of the cuneiform inscriptions, Hiddekel of the Old Testament, Diglath of the Targum, Digla of the Arabs)

Tigris to the See also:

• INDUS

Indus . Abbas distinguished himself, not only by his successes in arms, and by the magnificence of his See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and of the buildings which he erected, but also by his re-forms in the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom .

He encouraged See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, and, by constructing highways and See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges, did much to facilitate it . To foreigners, especially Christians, he showed a spirit of tolerance; two Englishmen, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony and Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), JAMES (1596-1666)
• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), SIR ANTHONY (1565-c. 1635)
• SHIRLEY, WILLIAM (1694-1771)

Shirley, or Sherley, were admitted to his confidence . His fame is tarnished, however, by numerous deeds of tyranny and See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty . His own See also:

• FAMILY

family, especially, suffered from his fits of See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy; his eldest son was slain, and the eyes of his other See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children were put out, by his orders . See The Three See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

Brothers, or Travels of Sir Anthony, Sir Robert Sherley, &c . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1825) ; Sir C . R . See also:

• MARKHAM, GERVASE (or JERVIS) (1568?-1637)
• MARKHAM, MRS
• MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )
• MARKHAM, WILLIAM (1719-1807)

Markham, General See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

Sketch of the See also:

• HISTORY

History of Persia (London, 1874) .