See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

RALPH See also:

• ABERCROMBY
• ABERCROMBY, PATRICK (1656–c.-1716)
• SIR RALPH ABERCROMBY (1734-1801)

ABERCROMBY (1734-1801)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was the eldest son of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• ABERCROMBY
• ABERCROMBY, PATRICK (1656–c.-1716)
• ABERCROMBY, SIR RALPH (1734-1801)

Abercromby of Tullibody, See also:

• CLACKMANNANSHIRE

Clackmannanshire, and was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1734 . Educated at See also:

• RUGBY

Rugby and See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh University, in 1754 he was sent to See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig to study See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, with a view to his proceeding to the Scotch See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . On returning from the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent he expressed a strong preference for the military profession, and a See also:

• CORNET,

cornet's See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission was accordingly obtained for him (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1756) in the 3rd See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

Dragoon See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards . He served with his See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment in the Seven Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, and the opportunity thus afforded him of studying the methods of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick moulded his military See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and formed his See also:

• TACTICAL

tactical ideas . He See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose through the intermediate grades to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of lieutenant-See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of the regiment (1773) and See also:

• BREVET (a diminutive of the Fr. bref)

brevet colonel in 178o, and in 1781 he became colonel of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's Irish See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry . When that regiment was disbanded in 1783 he retired upon See also:

• HALF

half-pay . That up to this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he had scarcely been engaged in active service was owing mainly to his disapproval of the policy of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and especially to his sympathies with the See also:

• AMERICAN

American colonists in their struggles for See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence; and his retirement is no doubt to be ascribed to similar feelings . On leaving the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army he for a time took up See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LIFE

life as member of .See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament for Clackmannanshire . This, however, proved uncongenial, and, retiring in favour of his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, he settled at Edinburgh and devoted himself to the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . But on See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France declaring war against See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1793, he hastened to resume his professional duties; and, being esteemed one of the ablest and most intrepid See also:

• OFFICERS

officers in'the whole British forces, he was appointed to the command of a See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade under the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ABERDARE
• ABERDARE, HENRY AUSTIN BRUCE

ABERDARE See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, for service in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . He commanded the .advanced guard in the See also:

• ACTION

action at Le Cateau, and was wounded at See also:

• NIJMWEGEN, NIMEGUEN, NYMEGEN

Nijmwegen . The See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to him of protecting the British army in its disastrous See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat out of Holland, in the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1794–1795 .

In 1795 he received the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of a See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood of the See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath, in See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of his services . The same See also:

• YEAR

year he was appointed to succeed See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey, as See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the British forces in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies . In 1796 See also:

• GRENADA

Grenada was suddenly attacked and taken by a detachment of the army under his orders . He afterwards obtained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the settlements of See also:

• DEMERARA

Demerara and See also:

• ESSEQUIBO, or ESSEQUEBO

Essequibo, in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America, and of the islands of St See also:

• LUCIA (or LucY), ST

Lucia, St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent and See also:

• TRINIDAD

Trinidad . He returned in 1797 to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and, in See also:

• REWARD

reward for his important services, was appointed colonel of the regiment of Scots Greys, entrusted with the governments of the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight, Fort-George and Fort-See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, and raised to the rank of lieutenant-general . He held, in 1797–1798, the chief command of the forces in Ire-See also:

• LAND

land . There he laboured to maintain the discipline of the army, to suppress the rising See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, and to protect the See also:

• PEOPLE

people from military oppression, with a care worthy alike of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman . When he was appointed to the command in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, an invasion of that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French was confidently anticipated by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English government . He used.his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized; and, as a first step, he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, and not allowing the military to be called out, except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . Finding that he received no adequate support from the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Irish government, and that all his efforts were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of Ireland, he resigned the command . His departure from Ireland was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion of the people, and was speedily followed by those disastrous results which he had anticipated, and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . After holding for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of commander-in-chief in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, Sir See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

Ralph, when the enterprise against Holland, was resolved upon in 1799, was again called to command under the duke of York .

The See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1799 ended in disaster, but friend and foe alike confessed that the most decisive victory could not have more conspicuously proved the talents of this distinguished officer . His country applauded the choice when, in 18or, he was sent with an army to dispossess the French of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt . His experience in Holland and the West Indies particularly fitted him for this new command, as was proved by his carrying his army in See also:

• HEALTH

health, in See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits and with the requisite supplies, in spite of very great difficulties, to the destined See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of action . The debarkation of the troops at See also:

• ABOUKIR

Aboukir, in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of strenuous opposition, is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the English army . A See also:

• BATTLE

battle in the neighbourhood of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria (March 21, 18oi) was the sequel of this successful landing, and it was Abercromby's See also:

• FATE

fate to fall in the moment of victory . He was struck by a spent See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball, which could not be extracted, and died seven days after the battle . His old friend and commander the duke of York paid a just See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to the great soldier's memory in general orders: " His steady observance of discipline, his ever-watchful See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to the health and wants of his troops, the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career, the splendour of his actions in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field and the heroism of his See also:

• DEATH

death, are worthy the See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of all who See also:

• DESIRE

desire, like him, a life of heroism and a death of See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory." By a See also:

• VOTE

vote of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was erected in his honour in St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral . His widow was' created Baroness Abercromby of Tullibody and Aboukir See also:

• BAY

Bay, and a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of £2000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title . A memoir of the later years of his life (1793–1801) by his third, son, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James (who was See also:

• SPEAKER

Speaker of the House of Commons, 1835–1839, and became See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• DUNFERMLINE (Gaelic, " the fort on the crooked linn ")
• DUNFERMLINE, ALEXANDER SETON, 1ST EARL OF
• DUNFERMLINE, JAMES ABERCROMBY, 1ST BARON (1776-'858)

Dunfermline), was published in 1861 . For a shorter See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Sir Ralph Abercromby see See also:

• WILKINSON, JAMES (1757–1825)
• WILKINSON, JAMES JOHN GARTH (1812-1899)
• WILKINSON, JOHN (1728-1808)
• WILKINSON, SIR JOHN GARDNER (1797—1875)
• WILKINSON, TATE (1739—1803)

Wilkinson, Twelve British Soldiers (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1899) .