See also:

• ABO (Finnish Turku)

ABO (Finnish Turku)  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and seaport, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• ABO (Finnish Turku)

Abo-See also:

• BJORNEBORG (Finnish, Pori)

Bjorneborg, in the See also:

• GRAND

grand duchy of See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland, on the See also:

• AURA (from the Gr. for " breath " or " breeze ")

Aura-joki, about 3 M. from where it falls into the gulf of See also:

• BOTHNIA, GULF OF

Bothnia . Pop . (1810) 10,224; (1870) 19,617; (1904) 42,639., It is 381 in. by See also:

• RAIL

rail from St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg via See also:

• TAVASTEHUS

Tavastehus, and is. in See also:

• REGULAR

regular steamer communication with St Petersburg, See also:

• VASA, or NIKOLAISTAD

Vasa„ See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen and See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull . It was already a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of, importance when Finland formed See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden- .. When the Estates of Finland seceded from Sweden and accepted the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

Emperor See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia as their grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke at the See also:

• DIET

Diet of Borgh in 18o9, Abo became the capital of the new See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and so remained till 1819 when the seat of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was transferred to See also:

• HELSINGFORS (Finnish Helsinki)

Helsingfors . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1827 nearly the whole city was, burnt down, the university and its valuable library being entirely destroyed . Before this calamity Abo, contained 11 to houses and 13,000 inhabitants; and its university had 40 professors, more than 500 students, and a library of up-wards of 30,000 volumes, together with a botanical See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, an 1 The See also:

• OBJECT

object of the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of the encounter is to explain the name Llelkath-hazzurim, the meaning of which is doubtful (Ency . Bib. See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col .. 2006; See also:

• BATTEN
• BATTEN, SIR WILLIAM (floruit 1626-1667)

Batten in Zeit. f. alt-test . Wissens . 1906, pp . 90 sqq.) .

ABO-BJORNEBORG- -J See also:

• ABORTION (from Lat. aboriri, to fail to be born, or perish)

ABORTION 67 See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory and a chemical laboratory . The university has since been removed to Helsingfors . Abo remains the ecclesiastical capital of Finland, is the seat of the Lutheran See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop and contains a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral dating from 1258 and restored after the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of 1827 . The cathedral is dedicated to St See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry, the See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of Finland, an See also:

• ENGLISH

English missionary who introduced See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity into the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Abo is the seat of the first of the three courts of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal of Finland . It has two high See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, a school of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and a school of See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . The city is second only to Helsingfors for its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade; See also:

• SAIL

sail-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco are manufactured, and there are extensive saw-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills . There is also a large trade in See also:

• TIMBER

timber and a considerable See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter export . See also:

• SHIP

Ship-See also:

• BUILDING

building has considerably See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, See also:

• TORPEDO

torpedo-boats being built here for the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• NAVY

navy . Vessels See also:

• DRAWING

drawing 9 or 10 feet come up to the See also:

• TOWN

town, but See also:

• SHIPS

ships of greater See also:

• DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught are laden and discharged at its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour (See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born-holm, on Hyrvinsala See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island), which is entered yearly by from 700 to 800 ships, of about 200,000 tons . ABO-BJORNEBORG, a province occupying the S.W. corner of Finland and including the Aland islands . It has a See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• AREA

area of 24,171 square kilometres and a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (1900) of 447,098, of whom 379,622 spoke Finnish and 67,26o See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish; 446,900 were of the Lutheran See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion .

The province occupies a prominent position in Finland for its manufacture of cottons, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar refinery, wooden goods, metals, machinery, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, &c . Its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns are: Abo (pop . 42,639), Bjorneborg (16,053), Raumo (55o1), Nystad (4165), Mariehamn (1171), Nadendal (917) .