See also:

• ABULFEDA [Abu l-Fida' Ismail ibn 'Ali 'Imad-ud-Dni] (1273-1331)

ABULFEDA [See also:

• ABU

Abu l-Fida' See also:

• ISMAIL (1830-1895)

Ismail See also:

• IBN

ibn 'See also:

• ALI

Ali 'Imad-ud-Dni] (1273-1331)  , Arabian historian and geographer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus, whither his See also:

• FATHER

father Malik ul-Afdal, See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• HAMAH

Hamah, had fled from the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols . He was a descendant of Ayyub, the father of See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin . In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the See also:

• KORAN

Koran and the sciences, but from his twelfth See also:

• YEAR

year was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions, chiefly against the crusaders . In 1285 he was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault of a stronghold of the knights of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, and he took See also:

• PART

part in the sieges of See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli, See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre and Qal'at ar-See also:

• RUM
• RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)

Rum . In 1298 he entered the service of the See also:

• MAMELUKE (anglicized through the French, from the Arabic mantluk, a slave)

Mameluke See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan Malik al-Nasir and, after twelve years was invested by him with the governorship of Hamah . In 1312 he became prince with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Malik us-Salih, and in 1320 received the hereditary See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of sultan with the title Malik ul-Mu'ayyad . For more than. twenty years altogether he reigned in tranquillity and splendour, devoting himself to the duties of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and to the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of the See also:

• WORKS

works to which he is chiefly indebted for his fame . He was a munificent See also:

• PATRON

patron of men of letters, who came in large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers to his See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . He died in 1331 . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• WORK

work in An Abridgment of the See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Human See also:

• RACE

Race, in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals extending from the creation of the See also:

• WORLD

world to the year 1329 (See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, 2 vols . 1869) . Various See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations of parts of it exist, the earliest being a Latin rendering of the See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section See also:

• RELATING

relating to the Arabian conquests in See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, by Dobelius, Arabic See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor at See also:

• PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

Palermo, in 1610 (preserved in See also:

• MURATORI

Muratori's Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, vol. i.) .

The section dealing with the pre-Islamitic See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period was edited with Latin See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by H . O . See also:

• FLEISCHER, HEINRICH LEBERECHT (1801-1888)

Fleischer under the title Abulfedae Historia Ante-Islamica (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1831) . The part dealing with the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan period was edited, also with Latin translation, by J . J . See also:

• REISKE, JOHANN JACOB (1716-1774)

Reiske as Annales Muslemici (5 vols., See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen, 1789-1794) . His See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

Geography is, like much of the history, founded on the works of his predecessors, and so ultimately on the work of See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy . A See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long introduction on various See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical matters is followed by twenty-eight sections dealing in See also:

• TABULAR

tabular form with the chief towns of the world . After each name are given the See also:

• LONGITUDE (from Lat. longitudo, " length ")

longitude, See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude, " See also:

• CLIMATE

climate," spelling, and then observations generally taken from earlier authors . Parts of the work were published and translated as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1650 (cf . Carl Brockelmann's Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur, See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1902, vol. ii. pp . 44-46) .

The See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the whole was published by M'G. de Slane and M . See also:

• REINAUD, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT (1795-1867)

Reinaud (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1840), and a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French translation with introduction by M . Reinaud and Stanislas Guyard (Paris, 1848-1883) . (G . W . T.) See also:

• ABU

ABU-L-QASIM [Khalaf See also:

• IBN

ibn 'Abbas uz-Zahrawi], Arabian physician and surgeon, generally known in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe as See also:

• ALMS

Alms CASTS, flourished in the tenth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century at See also:

• CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba)
• CORDOVA (Span. Cordoba; Lat. Corduba)

Cordova as .physician to the See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph 'Abdur-Rahman III . (912-961) . No details of his See also:

• LIFE

life are known . A part of his compendium of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine was published in Latin in the 16th century as See also:

• LIBER

Liber theoricae nec non practicae Alsaharavii (See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, 1519) . His See also:

• MANUAL

manual of See also:

• SURGERY
• SURGERY (Fr. chirurgie, from Gr. Xetpoupyfa, i.e. hand-work)

surgery was published at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1497, at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel in 1541, and at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford Abulcasis de Chirurgia arabice et latine cura Jokannis Charming (2 vols . 1778) . For his other works see Carl Brockelmann, Gesckichte der arabischen Litteratur (See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar, 1898), vol. i. pp .

239-240 . (G . W .