ACADEMIC  HOODS 1 .

Great Britain and Ireland Aberdeen.—D.D., scarlet cloth, lined purple; B.D., black,' lined purple; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined pale blue; LL.B., black, bordered pale blue; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined crimson; M.B., black, lined crimson; D.Litt., scarlet cloth, lined white; D.Phil., scarlet cloth, lined white; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined green; B.Sc., black, lined green; M.A., black, lined white . Cambridge.—D.D., scarlet cloth, lined pink and violet shot, with loops of black cord; B.D., black, unlined; LL.M., black, lined white; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined pink; LL.B., black silk or stuff, edged white fur; M.D. scarlet cloth, lined dark cherry colour; M.B., black, lined dark cherry colour; Mus.D., cream damask, lined cherry colour; Mus.B., dark cherry colour, lined white fur; Litt.D., scarlet cloth, lined scarlet; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined pink and light blue shot; M.A., black, lined white; B.A., black stuff or silk, edged white fur . Proctors as their Congregation habit wear the ruff and black and white hood; on other occasions they wear the hood " squared." Dublin.—(The hoods are the same for the Royal University, except M.B., Mus.D. and divinity degrees, which it does not grant.) D.D., scarlet cloth, lined black; B.D., black, unlined; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined pink; LL.B., black, bordered white; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined scarlet; M.B., black, lined white fur (Royal University, black, bordered scarlet); Mus.D., crimson cloth, lined white (Royal University, white damask, faced and lined rose satin); Mus.B., blue, lined white fur (rabbit-skin); Litt.D., scarlet cloth lined white; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined blue; M.A., black, lined blue; B.A., black, edged white fur; Proctor, black silk, lined " ermine." Durham.—D.D., scarlet "cassimere," lined " palatinate purple "; B.D., black, unlined; D.C.L., scarlet cassimere, lined white; B.C.I.., palatinate purple, edged white fur; M.D., scarlet cassimere, lined scarlet, bordered palatinate purple; M.B., scarlet silk, lined palatinate purple, edged white fur; Mus.D., white brocade, lined palatinate purple; Mus.B., palatinate purple, edged white fur; Litt.D., scarlet cassimere, lined old-gold satin; Litt.B., old-gold satin, edged white fur; D.Sc., palatinate purple cassimere, lined scarlet; B.Sc., palatinate purple, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined palatinate purple; B.A., black stuff or silk, edged white fur . Edinburgh.—D.D., black cloth, lined purple; B.D., black silk, lined purple, edged white fur; LL.D., black cloth, lined blue; LL.B., black silk, lined blue, edged white fur; B.L., black, bordered blue, edged white fur; M.D., black cloth, with cape attached, lined and faced crimson silk; M.B., black, lined crimson, edged white fur; Mus.D., scarlet cloth, lined white corded silk; Mus.B., scarlet silk, lined white, edged white fur; Litt.D., black cloth, lined royal blue shot with maize; D.Phil., black cloth, lined white, shot with " Vesuvius "; D.Sc., black cloth, lined green; B.Sc., black silk, lined green, edged white fur; M.A., black silk, lined white . Glasgow.—D.D., scarlet cloth, lined white; B.D., black, lined light cherry colour, bordered scarlet cloth; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined Venetian red; LL.B., black, lined Venetian red, bordered scarlet cloth; B.L., black, bordered Venetian red; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined scarlet; M.B., black, lined scarlet, bordered scarlet cloth: D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined gold colour; B.Sc., black, lined gold colour, bordered scarlet cloth; M.A., black silk, lined " bell-heather " colour (purplish red) ; B.A., black silk or stuff, bordered bell-heather red . London.—(Bachelors, if members of Convocation, have their hoods lined white silk, bordered with the colour of their faculty.) D.D., scarlet cloth, lined " scrum red "; B.D., black, bordered scrum red; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined blue; LL.B., black, bordered blue; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined violet; M.B., and B.S., black, bordered violet; Mus.D., scarlet cloth, lined white, if a member of Convocation, if not, same as Mus.B., blue, lined white, watered silk; Litt.D., scarlet cloth, lined russet; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined gold colour; B.Sc., black, bordered gold colour; M.A., black, lined russet; B.A., black, bordered russet . Oxford.—D.D., scarlet cloth, lined black; B.D., black, unlined; D.C.L., scarlet cloth, lined rose; B.C.L., light blue, edged white fur; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined rose; M.B., dark blue, edged white fur; Mus.D., white damask, lined crimson; Mus.B., light blue, edged white fur; Litt.D., scarlet cloth, lined slate colour; Litt.B., light blue, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined red; B.A., black silk or stuff, edged white fur; Proctors wear a " miniver " hood . Where not otherwise stated, the hood is of silk . St Andrews.—D.D., violet silk or cloth, lined white satin; B.D., violet silk or cloth, lined white satin, edged white fur; LL.D., scarlet silk or cloth, lined white satin; LL.B., scarlet silk or cloth, lined white satin, edged white fur; M.D., crimson silk or cloth, lined white satin; M.B., crimson silk or cloth, lined white satin, edged white fur; Mus.D., cerulean blue silk or cloth, lined white satin; Mus.B., cerulean blue, lined white satin, edged white fur; D.Sc., " amaranth " silk or cloth, lined white satin; B.Sc., amaranth silk or cloth, lined white satin, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined red . Victoria University.—LL.D., gold velvet or satin, lined light gold; LL.B., black, bordered violet; M.D., gold velvet or satin, lined light gold; M.B., black, bordered red; Litt.D., gold velvet or satin, lined light gold; D.Sc., gold velvet or satin, lined light gold; B.Sc., black, bordered pale red; M.A., black, lined pale blue; B.A., black, bordered pale blue . University of Wales and Lampeter.—B.D .

(Lampeter), black, lined violet, bordered white; B.A., black, bordered blue and green shot . 2 .

Australia Sydney.—B.A., black stuff, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined blue; LL.B., black, bordered blue; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined blue; B.Sc., black stuff, bordered amber; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined amber; B.E . (Engineering), black stuff, bordered light maroon; M.E., black, lined light maroon; M.B., black, bordered purple; M.C., black, lined French grey; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined purple . Adelaide.—B.A., black, lined grey; black, lined dark grey; LL.B., black, lined blue; LL.D., dark blue, lined light blue; B.Sc., black, lined yellow; D.Sc., dark yellow, lined light yellow; M.B., black, lined rose; M.C . (Surgery), black, lined dark rose; M.D., dark rose, lined light rose; Mus.B., black, lined green; Mus.D., dark green, lined light green . Melbourne.—B.A., black, lined dark blue; M.A., black, lined violet; Litt.D., black, lined dark blue; LL.B., black, lined white fur; LL.M., black cloth, edged red silk, lined white; LL.D., black, lined white; B.Sc., black, lined moss-green, edged white fur; M.Sc., black, lined moss-green; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined moss-green; B.E . (Engineering), black, lined light blue; M.E., black, lined yellow; M.B., black, lined white; M.C . (Surgery), black, lined dark amber; M.D., black, lined crimson; Mus.B., black, lined lavender, edged white fur; Mus.D., black, lined lavender . New Zealand.—B.A., black, lined pink, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined pink; LL.B., black, lined blue, edged white fur; LL.D., black, lined light blue; B.Sc., black, lined dark blue, edged white fur; D.Sc., black, lined dark blue; M.B., black, lined mauve, edged white fur; M.D., black, lined mauve; Mus.B., black, lined white, edged white fur; Mus.D., black, lined white . 3 . Canada These follow the British model, with the exception of Laval, Quebec, which grants the same degrees as the University of France, the distinctive mark of which is the scarf .

Dalhousie (N.S.).—B.A., black stuff, lined white fur; M.A., black stuff, lined crimson; B.L . (Letters), black stuff, lined white, bordered light blue; M.L., black stuff, lined light blue; LL.B., black, lined white, bordered gold; LL.D., black, lined purple; B.Sc., black stuff, lined white silk, bordered crimson; M.Sc., black stuff, lined crimson; B.E . (Engineering), black stuff, lined white silk, bordered purple; M.C., scarlet cloth, bordered white; M.D., scarlet silk, bordered white; Mus.B., black stuff, lined white, bordered lavender . Fredericton (N.B.).—B.A., black stuff, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined blue; B.C.L., black, lined blue silk, edged white fur; D.C.L., scarlet cloth, lined pink . McGill (Montreal).—B.A., black stuff, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined blue; Litt.D . (Literature), scarlet cloth, lined pale blue; B.C.L., black, lined French grey, edged white fur; D.C.L., scarlet cloth, lined French grey; B.Sc., black, lined yellow, edged white fur; M.Sc., black, lined yellow; D.Sc., scarlet cloth, lined yellow; M.B., black, lined dark blue; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined dark blue; D.V.S . (Doctor of Veterinary Science), scarlet cloth, lined fawn . Toronto.—D.D . (Trinity College), scarlet cloth, lined black; B.D . (Trinity College), black, unlined; B.A., black stuff, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined crimson; LL.B., blue, lined white fur; LL.D., scarlet cloth, lined pink; M.B., blue, lined white fur; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined pink . Windsor (N.S.).—B.A., black stuff, edged white fur; M.A., black, lined crimson; B.C.L., blue, edged white fur; D.C.L., scarlet cloth, lined pink . 4 .

India These follow the British model, but also give Oriental degrees, the distinctive mark of which is a sash . They also grant the degree of Licentiate in certain subjects, which has a hood . Allahabad.—B.A., black, bordered amber; M.A., black, lined amber; LL.B., black, lined blue; LL.D., pale blue . Bombay.—B.A., black stuff, bordered garter blue; M.A., garter blue, lined same; LL.B., black, bordered scarlet cloth; B.Sc., black stuff, bordered garter blue; L.C.E . (Engineering), black stuff, bordered brown; M.E., brown, lined garter blue; L.M. and S . (Medicine and Surgery), black stuff, bordered crimson; M.D., crimson, lined garter blue; L.Ag . (Agriculture), black stuff, bordered green . Calcutta.—B.A., black, bordered dark blue; M.A., black, lined blue; LL.B., black, bordered green; LL.D., scarlet, lined white satin; B.Sc., black, bordered light blue; B.E., black, bordered orange; M.E., black, lined green; M.B., black, bordered scarlet; M.D., black, lined scarlet . Madras.—B.A., black, bordered crimson; M.A., black, lined crimson; LL.B., black, lined purple; M.L., purple silk; LL.D., scarlet silk; B.E., black, lined orange; M.B., black, lined light blue; L.M. and S., black, lined light blue; M.C., black, lined light blue; M.D., scarlet cloth, lined light blue; L.San.Sc . (Sanitary Science), black, bordered terra-cotta; L.T . (Teaching), black, lined gold . Puxjab.—B.A., purple, lined yellow; M.A., purple, lined claret; Litt.D., purple, lined scarlet; LL.B., white, lined blue; LL.D., scarlet silk; M.B., purple, lined purple cloth; M.D., purple, lined purple .

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South Africa Cape of Good Hope.—B.A., black, bordered orange-brown; M.A., black, lined orange-brown, bordered black; Litt.D., orange-brown, lined white, bordered black; LL.B., black, bordered red; LL.D., red, lined white, bordered black; B.Sc., black, bordered green; M.Sc., green, bordered black; D.Sc., green, lined white, bordered black; M.B., black, bordered blue; M.D., blue, lined white, bordered black; Mus.B., black, bordered purple; Mus.M., purple, bordered black; Mus.D., purple, lined white, bordered black . 6 . United States The American universities have adopted a uniform system, according to which the length and shape of the hood indicate the degree (bachelor, master, doctor), the silk lining displays the official colours of the university or college granting the degree (e.g. crimson for Harvard, blue for Yale, orange and black for Princeton, light blue and white for Columbia, royal purple and white for Cornell and red and blue for Pennsylvania), while the velvet trimming indicates the faculty or department . Thus the trimming for arts and letters is white, for theology scarlet, laws purple, philosophy blue, science gold-yellow, fine arts brown, medicine green, music pink, pharmacy olive, dentistry lilac, forestry russet, veterinary science grey and library science lemon . It is also usual in America for a graduate of a German university to wear a hood lined with the colours of the university charged with a trichevron of the German colours, black, white and red .