DUC DE See also:

• BROGLIE, DE

BROGLIE ACHILLE See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES LEONCE See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

VICTOR (1785–187o)  , statesman and diplomatist, son of the last-named, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on the 28th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1785 . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother had shared her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's imprisonment, but managed to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, where she remained till the fall of See also:

• ROBESPIERRE, MAXIMILIEN FRANCOIS MARIE ISIDORE DE (175$-1794)

Robespierre . She now returned to Paris with her See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and lived there quietly until 1796, when she married a M. d'See also:

• ARGENSON

Argenson, See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XV.'s See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . Under the care of his step-See also:

• FATHER

father See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young de See also:

• BROGLIE, DE

Broglie received a careful and liberal See also:

• EDUCATION

education and made his entree into the aristocratic and See also:

• LITERARY

literary society of Paris under the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . In 18oq, he was appointed a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, over which See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon presided in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person; and was sent by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor on See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions, as attache, to various countries . Though he had never been in sympathy with the principles of the Empire, de Broglie was not one of those who rejoiced at its downfall . In See also:

• COMMON

common with all men of experience and sense he realized the danger to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France of the rise to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the forces of violent reaction . With See also:

• DECAZES, ELIE

Decazes and See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu he saw that the only See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope for a See also:

• CALM

calm future See also:

• LAY

lay in " the reconciliation of the Restoration with the Revolution." By the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Amedee de Broglie, his right to a See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage had been recognized; and to his own See also:

• GREAT

great surprise he received, in See also:

• JUNE

June 1814, a See also:

• SUMMONS (Fr. semonce, from semonner or semondre, Lat. summonere, summonitio)

summons from Louis XVIII. to the Chamber of Peers . `There, after the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Days, he distinguished himself by his courageous See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal See also:

• NEY, MICHEL

Ney, for whose acquittal he, alone of all the peers, both spoke and voted . After this defiant See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of opposition it was perhaps fortunate that his impending See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage gave him an excuse for leaving the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . On the 15th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1816, he was married at See also:

• LEGHORN (Ital. Livorno, Fr. Livourne)

Leghorn to the daughter of Madame de See also:

• STAEL, MADAME DE

Stael . He returned to Paris at the end of the See also:

• YEAR

year, but took no See also:

• PART

part in politics until the elections of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1817 See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke the power of the " ultra-royalists " and substituted for the Chambre introuvable a moderate See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly .

De Broglie's See also:

• POLITICAL

political attitude during the years that followed is best summed up in his own words: " From 1812 to 1822 all the efforts of men of sense and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character were directed to reconciling the Restoration and the Revolution, the old regime and the new France . From 1822 to 1827 all their efforts were directed to resisting the growing power of the See also:

• COUNTER

counter-revolution . From 1827 to 1830 all their efforts aimed at moderating and regulating the reaction in a contrary sense." During the last See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical years of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles X.'s reign, de Broglie identified himself with the See also:

• DOCTRINAIRES

doctrinaires, among whom Royer-Collard and See also:

• GUIZOT, FRANCOIS PIERRE GUILLAUME (1787-1874)

Guizot were the most prominent . The See also:

• JULY

July revolution placed him in a difficult position; he knew nothing of the intrigues which placed Louis Philippe on the See also:

• THRONE

throne; but, the revolution once accomplished, he was ready to uphold the fait accompli with characteristic See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty, and on the 9th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August took See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in the new See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government as minister of public See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship and education . As he had foreseen, the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry was See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived, and on the 2nd of November he was once more out of office . During the critical See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time that followed he consistently supported the principles which triumphed with the fall of See also:

• LAFFITTE, JACQUES (1767-1844)
• LAFFITTE, PIERRE (1823-1903)

Laffitte and the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to power of Casimir See also:

• PERIER, CASIMIR PIERRE (1777-1832)

Perier in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1832 . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of the latter and the insurrection of June 1832, de Broglie took office once more as minister for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs (See also:

• OCTOBER

October 11th) . His See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of the foreign office was coincident with a very critical See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period in See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international relations . But for the sympathy of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain under See also:

• PALMERSTON
• PALMERSTON, HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, 3RD VISCOUNT (1784-1865)

Palmerston, the July See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy would have been completely isolated in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe; and this sympathy the aggressive policy of France in See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium and on the Mediterranean See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa had been in danger of alienating . The Belgian crisis had been settled, so far as the two See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were concerned, before de Broglie took office; but the concerted military and See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• ACTION

action for the See also:

• COERCION (from Lat. coercere, to restrain)
• COERCION, CONTRACT

coercion of the Dutch, which led to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French occupation of See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, was carried out under his auspices . The See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good understanding of which this was the See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol characterized also the relations of de Broglie and Palmerston during the crisis of the first war of Mehemet See also:

• ALI

Ali (q.v.) with the See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte, and in the affairs of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish peninsulatheir common sympathy with constitutional See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty led to an agreement for common action, which took shape in the treaty of See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance between Great Britain, France, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, signed at See also:

• LONDON

London on the 22nd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1834 . De Broglie had retired from office in the March preceding, and did not return to power till March of the following year, when he became See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet .

In 1836, the government having been defeated on a proposal to reduce the five per cents, he once more resigned, and never returned to See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• LIFE

life . He had remained in power See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long enough to prove what honesty of purpose, experience of affairs, and common sense can accomplish when allied with authority . The See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt that France and Europe owed him may be measured by comparing the results of his policy with that of his successors under not dissimilar circumstances . He had found France isolated and Europe full of the rumours of war; he See also:

• LEFT

left her strong in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English alliance and the respect of Liberal Europe, and Europe freed from the restless apprehensions which were to be stirred into life again by the attitude of See also:

• THIERS

Thiers in the Eastern Question and of Guizot in the affair of the " Spanish marriages." From 1836 to 1848 de Broglie held almost completely aloof from politics, to which his scholarly temperament little inclined him, a disinclination strengthened by the death of his wife on the 22nd of September 1838 . His friendship for Guizot, however, induced him to accept a temporary See also:

• MISSION

mission in 1845, and in 1847 to go as French See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to London . The revolution of 1848 was a great See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow to him, for he realized that it meant the final ruin of the Liberal monarchy—in his view the political See also:

• SYSTEM

system best suited to France . He took his seat, however, in the republican See also:

• NATIONAL

National Assembly and in the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention of 1848, and, as a member of the See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section known as the " Burgraves," did his best to See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem the See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide of See also:

• SOCIALISM

socialism and to avert the reaction in favour of See also:

• AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)

autocracy which he foresaw . He shared with his colleagues the indignity of the coup d'eta.t of the 2nd of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1851, and remained for the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of his life one of the bitterest enemies of the imperial regime, though he was heard to remark, with that See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic wit for which he was famous, that the empire was " the government which the poorer classes in France desired and the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich deserved." The last twenty years of his life were devoted chiefly to philosophical and literary pursuits . Having been brought up by his step-father in the sceptical opinions of the time, he gradually arrived at a sincere belief in the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . " I shall See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die," said he, "a penitent Christian and an impenitent Liberal." His literary See also:

• WORKS

works, though few of them have been published, were rewarded in 1856 by a seat in the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and he was also a member of another See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the French See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute, the Academy of Moral and Political See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science . In the labours of those learned bodies he took an active and assiduous part . He died on the 25th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 187o .

Besides his Souvenirs, in 4 vols . (Paris, 1885–1888), the duc de Broglie left numerous works, of which only some have been published . Of these may be mentioned Ecrits et discours (3 vols., Paris, 1863); Le Libre Echange et l'impoo"t (Paris, 1879) ; Vues sur le gouvernement de la France (Paris, 1861) . This last was confiscated before publication by the imperial government . See Guizot, Le Duc de Broglie (Paris, 1870), and Memoires (Paris, 1858–1867) ; and the histories of Thureau-Dangin and Duvergier de Hauranne .