See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)  , See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and empress, was the daughter of See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph II. of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy and of Bertha, daughter of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke Burchard of See also:

• SWABIA, SUABIA

Swabia . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of Rudolph in 937, his widow married See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Italy, to whose son See also:

• LOTHAIR (825-869)
• LOTHAIR (941–986)

Lothair See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

Adelaide was at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time betrothed . She was married to him in 947; but after an unhappy See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of three years Lothair died (See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 22, 950) . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young widow, remarkable for her See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and beauty, was seized by Lothair's successor, Berengar II., See also:

• MARGRAVE (Ger. Markgraf)

margrave of See also:

• IVREA (anc. Eporedia)

Ivrea, who, angered probably at her refusal to marry his son See also:

• ADALBERT (originally VOYTECH), (c. 950-997)
• ADALBERT, or ADELBERT (c. 1000-1072)

Adalbert and thus secure his See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title to the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, kept her in See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close confinement at See also:

• COMO (anc. Comum)
• COMO, LAKE OF (the Lacus Larius of the Romans, and so sometimes called LARIO to the present day, though in the 4th century it is already termed Lacus Comacinus)

Como . After four months (See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 951), she escaped, and took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge at ADELAIDE See also:

• CANOSSA

Canossa with Atto, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena-Reggio (d . 981) . Mean-while See also:

• OTTO

Otto I., the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German king, whose See also:

• ENGLISH

English wife Edgitha had died in 946, had formed the See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of marrying her and claiming the Italian kingdom in her right, as a step towards the revival of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 951, accordingly, he appeared in Italy, Adelaide willingly accepted his invitation to meet him at See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia and at the close of the See also:

• YEAR

year the fateful union was celebrated . From the first her See also:

• PART

part in German affairs was important . To her are ascribed the influences which led in 953 to the revolt of See also:

• LUDOLF (or LEUTHOLF), HIOB (1624-1704)

Ludolf, Otto's son by his first See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, the crushing of which in the following year established Adelaide's See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . On the 2nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 962 she was crowned empress at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John XII. immediately after her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, and she accompanied Otto in 966 on his third expedition to Italy, where she remained with him for six years . After Otto I.'s death (May 7, 973), Adelaide exercised for some years a controlling See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over her son, the new See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, Otto II .

The causes of their subsequent estrangement are obscure, but it was possibly due to the empress's lavish See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure in charity and See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• BUILDING

building, which endeared her to ecclesiastics but was a serious drain on the imperial finances . In 978 she See also:

• LEFT

left the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and lived partly in Italy, partly with her See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad, king of Burgundy, by whose See also:

• MEDIATION (Lat. medius, middle)

mediation she was ultimately reconciled to her son . In 983, shortly before his death, she was appointed his See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy in Italy; and was successful, in See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert with the empress See also:

• THEOPHANO (c. 956–991)

Theophano, widow of Otto II., and See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop Willigis of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, in defending the right of her See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, Otto III., to the German See also:

• CROWN

crown against the pretensions of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry the Quarrelsome, duke of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria . In See also:

• JUNE

June 984 the infant king was handed over by Henry to the care of the two empresses; but the masterful will of Theophano soon obtained the upper See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and until the death of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek empress, on the 15th of June 991, 'Adelaide had no See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice in German affairs . She now assumed the regency, in concert with See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Willigis and a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of princes of the Empire, and held it until in 995 Otto was declared of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . In 996 the young king went to Italy to receive the imperial crown; and from this date Adelaide ceased to concern herself with worldly affairs, but devoted herself to pious exercises, to intimate See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with the abbots Majolus and Odilo of See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny, and the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of churches and religious houses . She died on the 17th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 999, and was buried in the See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of SS . See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, her favourite foundation, at Salz in See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace . She was proclaimed a See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint by the grateful German See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy; but her name has never found a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CALENDAR

calendar . Like her daughter-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law Theophano and other exalted ladies of this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, Adelaide possessed considerable See also:

• LITERARY

literary attainments (literatissima erat), and her knowledge of Latin was of use to Otto I., who only learned the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language See also:

• LATE

late in See also:

• LIFE

life and remained to the end a poor See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar . By the emperor Otto I. she had four See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children: Otto II . (d .

983), Mathilda, See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess of Quedlinburg (d . 999) Adelheid (Adelaide), abbess of See also:

• ESSEN

Essen (d . 974), and Liutgard, who married Conrad II., duke of See also:

• FRANCONIA (Ger. Franken)

Franconia, and died in 955 . Adelaide's life (Vita or Epitaphium Adalheidae imperatricis) was written by St Odilo of Cluny . It is valuable only for the latter years of the empress, after she had retired from any active See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the See also:

• WORLD

world's affairs . The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of her life is merely outlined, though her adventures in escaping from Berengar are treated in more detail . The best edition is in See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne, Bibliotheca Cluniacensis, pp . 353-362 . See Giov . Batt . Semeria, Vita politico-religiosa di s . Adeleida, &c .

(See also:

• TURIN

Turin, 1842) ; Jul . Bentzinger, Das Leben der Kaiserin Adelheid wdhrend der Regierung Ottos III., Inaug . Dissertation (See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, 1883) ; J . J . See also:

• DEY (an adaptation of the Turk. dai, a maternal uncle)

Dey, Hist. de s . Adelaide, £Pc . (See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, 1862) ; F . P . Wimmer, Kaiserin Adelheid, Gemahlin Ottos I. See also:

• DES

des Grossen (Regensb . 1889) ; See also:

• WATTENBACH, WILHELM (1819–1897)

Wattenbach, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart and See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1904) . Further references in See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

Chevalier, Repertoire des See also:

• SOURCES

sources historiques (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1903) .