ADIRONDACKS  , a See also:

• GROUP

group of mountains in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, U.S.A., in See also:

• CLINTON
• CLINTON, DE WITT (1769-1828)
• CLINTON, GEORGE (1739-1812)
• CLINTON, HENRY FYNES (1781-1852)
• CLINTON, SIR HENRY (c. 1738-1795)

Clinton, See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin and See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton counties, often included by geographers in the Appalachian See also:

• SYSTEM

system, but pertaining geologically to the Laurentian See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands of See also:

• CANADA

Canada . They are bordered on the E. by See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• CHAMPLAIN
• CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE (1567-1635)

Champlain, which separates them from the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green Mountains . Unlike the Appalachians, the Adirondacks do not See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a connected range, but consist of many summits, isolated or in See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups, arranged with little See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of system . There are about one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred peaks, ranging from 'zoo to 5000 ft. in height; the highest See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak, Mt . See also:

• MARCY, WILLIAM LEARNED (1786-1857)

Marcy (called by the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians Tahawus or "See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

cloud-splitter"), is near the eastern See also:

• PART

part of the group and attains an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 5344 ft . Other noted peaks are M`Intyre (5210 ft.), Haystack (4918), See also:

• DIX, DOROTHEA LYNDE (1802-1887)
• DIX, JOHN

Dix (4916) and Whiteface (4871) . These mountains, consisting of various sorts of See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss, intrusive See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and See also:

• GABBRO

gabbro, have been formed partly by faulting but mainly by erosion, the lines of which have been determined by the presence of faults or the presence of relatively soft rocks . See also:

• LOWER

Lower Palaeozoic strata See also:

• LAP

lap up on to the crystalline rocks on all sides of the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain group . The region is See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in magnetic See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron ores, which though See also:

• MINED

mined for many years are not yet fully See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . Other See also:

• MINERAL

mineral products are See also:

• GRAPHITE

graphite, See also:

• GARNET
• GARNET, or GARNETT, HENRY (1555—1606)

garnet used as an abrasive, pyrite and See also:

• ZINC

zinc ore . The mountains form the See also:

• WATER

water-parting between the See also:

• HUDSON
• HUDSON, GEORGE (180o-1871)
• HUDSON, HENRY
• HUDSON, JOHN (1662–1719)

Hudson and the St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . On the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters flow either directly into the Hudson, which rises in the centre of the group, or else reach it through the See also:

• MOHAWK

Mohawk .

On the north and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east the waters reach the St Lawrence by way of Lakes See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George and Champlain, and on the west they flow directly into that stream or reach it through Lake See also:

• ONTARIO
• ONTARIO, LAKE

Ontario . The most important streams within the See also:

• AREA

area are the Hudson,' See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black, Oswegatchie, Grass, Raquette, Saranac and Ausable rivers . The region was once covered, with the exception of the higher summits, by the Laurentian See also:

• GLACIER
• GLACIER (adopted from the French; from glace, ice, Lat. glacies)

glacier, whose erosion, while perhaps having little effect on the larger features of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, has greatly modified it in detail, producing lakes and ponds, whose number is said to exceed 1300, and causing many falls and rapids in the streams . Among the larger lakes are the Upper and Lower Saranac, Big and Little See also:

• TUPPER, MARTIN FARQUHAR (1810--1889)
• TUPPER, SIR CHARLES, BART

Tupper, Schroon, Placid, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long, Raquette and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

Blue Mountain . The region known as the Adirondack See also:

• WILDERNESS

Wilderness, or the See also:

• GREAT

Great North See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

Woods, embraces between 3000 and 6000 sq. m. of mountain, lake, See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau and See also:

• FOREST

forest, which for scenic grandeur is almost unequalled in any other part of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . The mountain peaks are usually rounded and easily scaled, and as roads have been constructed over their slopes and in every direction through the forests, all points of See also:

• INTEREST

interest may be easily reached by See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . See also:

• RAILWAYS

Railways penetrate the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of the region, and small steamboats ply upon the larger lakes . The See also:

• SURFACE

surface of most of the lakes lies at an elevation of over 1500 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea; their shores are usually rocky and irregular, and the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild scenery within their vicinity has made them very attractive to the tourist . The mountains are easily reached from Plattsburgh, See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, See also:

• HERKIMER

Herkimer, See also:

• MALONE
• MALONE, EDMOND (1741-1812)

Malone and See also:

• SARATOGA, BATTLES OF

Saratoga Springs . Every See also:

• YEAR

year thousands spend the summer months in the wilderness, where cabins, See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting lodges, villas and hotels are numerous . The resorts most frequented are in the vicinity of the Saranac and St Regis lakes and Lake Placid . In the Adirondacks are some of the best hunting and fishing grounds in the eastern United States .

Owing to the restricted See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period allowed for hunting, See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer and small See also:

• GAME

game are abundant, and the See also:

• BROOKS, CHARLES WILLIAM SHIRLEY (1816-1874)
• BROOKS, PHILLIPS (1835-1893)

brooks, rivers, ponds and lakes are well stocked with See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout and black See also:

• BASS
• BASS (the same word as " base," and so pronounced, but influenced in spelling by the Ital. basso)

bass . At the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of Lake Placid stands Whiteface Mountain, from whose See also:

• SUMMIT

summit one of the finest views of the Adirondacks may be obtained . Two See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles south-east of this lake, at North See also:

• ELBA (Gr. AiWaXla; Lat. Ilva)

Elba, is the old See also:

• FARM

farm of the abolitionist See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, which contains his See also:

• GRAVE

grave and is much frequented by visitors . Lake Placid is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal source of the Ausable See also:

• RIVER

river, which for a part of its course flows through a rocky chasm from too to 175 ft. deep and rarely over 30 ft. wide . At the head of the Ausable Chasm are the See also:

• RAINBOW

Rainbow Falls, where the stream makes a See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical leap of 70 ft . Another impressive feature of the Adirondacks is See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Pass, a See also:

• GORGE

gorge about eleven miles long, between Mt . M`Intyre and Wallface Mountain . The latter is a majestic cliff rising vertically from the pass to a height of 1300 ft . See also:

• KEENE
• KEENE, CHARLES SAMUEL (1823–1891)
• KEENE, LAURA (c. 1820-1873)

Keene Valley, in the centre of Essex See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, is another picturesque region, presenting a pleasing See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of peaceful valley and rugged hills . Though the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter months is very severe—the temperature sometimes falling as See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low as -42° F.—it is beneficial to persons suffering from pulmonary troubles, and a number of sanitariums have been established . The region is heavily forested with spruce, See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine and broad-leaved trees . Lumbering is an important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, but it has been much restricted by the creation of a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state forest preserve, containing in 1907, 1,401,482 acres, and by the See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase of large tracts for game preserves and recreation grounds by private clubs .

The so-called Adirondack See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, containing over 3,000,000 acres, includes most of the state preserve and large areas held in private ownership . For a description of the Adirondacks, see S . R . See also:

• STODDARD, RICHARD HENRY (1825-1903)

Stoddard, The Adirondacks Illustrated (24th ed., Glen Falls, 1894); and E . R . See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace, Descriptive See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

Guide to the Adirondacks (See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, 1894) . For See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology and mineral resources consult the Reports of the New York State Geologist and the Bulletins of the New York State Museum .