See also:

• AERARIUM (from Lat. aes, in its derived sense of " money ")

AERARIUM (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. aes, in its derived sense of " See also:

• MONEY

money ")  , the name (in full, See also:

• AERARIUM (from Lat. aes, in its derived sense of " money ")

aerarium stabulum, treasure-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house) given in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to the public See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, and in a secondary senseto the public finances . The treasury contained the moneys and accounts of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and also the See also:

• STANDARDS

standards of the legions; the public See also:

• LAWS

laws engraved on See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass, the decrees of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate and other papers and registers of importance . These public treasures were deposited in the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• SATURN
• SATURN [SATURNUS]

Saturn, on the eastern slope of the Capitoline See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill, and, during the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic, were in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban quaestors (see See also:

• QUAESTOR (from Lat. quaero, investigate)

QuAESTOR), under the superintendence and See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the senate . This arrangement continued (except for the See also:

• YEAR

year 45 B.C., when no quaestors were chosen) until 28 B.C., when See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus transferred the aerarium to two praefecti See also:

• AERARII (from Lat. aes, in its subsidiary sense of " poll-tax ")

aerarii, chosen annually by the senate from ex-praetors; in 23 these were replaced by two praetors (praetores aerarii or ad aerarium), selected by See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot during their See also:

• TERM

term of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office; See also:

• CLAUDIUS
• CLAUDIUS [TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS]
• CLAUDIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS
• CLAUDIUS, MATTHIAS (174o-1815)

Claudius in A.D . 44 restored the quaestors, but nominated by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor for three years, for whom See also:

• NERO (37-68)

Nero in 56 substituted two ex-praetors, under the same conditions . In addition to the See also:

• COMMON

common treasury, supported by the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general taxes and charged with the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure, there was a See also:

• SPECIAL

special reserve fund, also in the temple of Saturn, the aerarium''sanctum (or sanctius), probably originally consisting' of the spoils of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, afterwards maintained chiefly by a 5% tax on the value of all manumitted slaves, this source of See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue being established by a lex Manlia in 357 . This fund was not to be touched except in cases of extreme See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity (See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy vii . 16, See also:

• XXVII

xxvii. so) . Under the emperors the senate continued to have at least the nominal management of the aerarium, while the emperor had a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer, called fiscus . But after a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, as the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the emperors increased and their See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction extended till the senate existed only in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form and name, this distinction virtually ceased . Besides creating the fiscus, Augustus also established in A.D . 6 a military treasury (aerarium militare), containing all moneys raised for and appropriated to the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, including a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension fund for disabled soldiers .

It was largely endowed by the emperor himself (see Monumentum Ancyranum, iii . 35) and supported by the proceeds of the tax on public sales and the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty . Its See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was in the hands of three praefecti aerarii militaris, at first appointed by lot, but afterwards by the emperor, from senators of praetorian See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, for three years . The later emperors had a separate aerarium privatum, containing the moneys allotted for their own use, distinct from the fiscus, which they administered in the interests of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . The tribuni aerarii have been the subject of much discussion . They are supposed by some to be identical with the curatores tribuum, and to have been the officials who, under the Servian organization, levied the war-tax (tributum) in the tribes and the See also:

• POLL

poll-tax on the aerarii (q.v.) . They also acted as paymasters of the See also:

• EQUITES (" horsemen " or " knights," from eques," horse ")

equites and of the soldiers on service in each tribe . By the lex See also:

• AURELIA, VIA

Aurelia (70 B.C.) the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of judices was composed, in addition to senators and equites, of tribuni aerarii . Whether these were the successors of the above, or a new See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order closely connected with the equites, or even the same as the latter, is uncertain . According to See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, they were persons who possessed the equestrian See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census, but no public See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse . They were removed from the list of judices by See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar, but replaced by Augustus . According to See also:

• MADVIG, JOHAN NICOLAI (1804-1886)

Madvig, the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original tribuni aerarii were not officials at all, but private individuals of considerable means, quite distinct from the curatores tribuum, who undertook certain See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial See also:

• WORK

work connected with their own tribes .

Then, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the equites, the term was subsequently extended to include all those who possessed the See also:

• PROPERTY

property qualification that would have entitled them to serve. as tribuni aerarii . See See also:

• TACITUS, CORNELIUS (c. 55-120)
• TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS

Tacitus, See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals, xiii . 29, with See also:

• FURNEAUX, TOBIAS (1735-1781)

Furneaux's notes; O . Hirschfeld, " Das Aerarium militare in der romischen Kaiserzeit," in See also:

• FLECKEISEN, CARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM ALFRED (1820-1899)

Fleckeisen's Jahrbuch, vol. xcvii . (1868); S . Herrlich, De Aerario et Fist() Romanorum (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1872) ; and the usual handbooks and dictionaries of antiquities . On the tribuni aerarii see E . Belot, Hist. See also:

• DES

des chevaliers romains, ii. p . 276; J . N . Madvig, Opuscula Academica, ii. p . 242; J .

B . Mispoulet, See also:

• LES

Les Institutions politiques des Romains (1883), ii. p . 208; Mommsen, Romisches Staatsrecht, iii. p . 189; A . S . See also:

• WILKINS, GEORGE (ii. 1607)
• WILKINS, JOHN (1614-1672)
• WILKINS, MARY ELEANOR (1862– )
• WILKINS, SIR CHARLES (1749?-1836)

Wilkins in See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith's See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek and See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Antiquities (3rd ed., 189o) .