See also:

• AGORA

AGORA OF See also:

• MANTINEIA, or MANTINEA

MANTINEIA  . By permission from plans by F.de Bills, Fougres, ds See also:

• MOOD

Mood, In the Bulletin de See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence HeBF.nique.requ . See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

Scale of Melyds S to ?r 3 ? 4 ? S° Scale' of Yards to ¢: o{ ru w ~0 40 ~o too i O. z policies . About 469 B.C . See also:

• MANTINEIA, or MANTINEA

Mantineia alone of Arcadian See also:

• TOWN

town-snips refused to join the See also:

• LEAGUE

league of See also:

• TEGEA

Tegea and See also:

• ARGOS

Argos against See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta . Though formally enrolled on the same See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side during the Peloponnesian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War the two cities used the truce of 423 to wage a fierce but indecisive war with each other . In the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time following the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• NICIAS
• NICIAS (d. 414 B.C.)

Nicias the Mantineians, whose attempts at expansion beyond See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Maenalus were being foiled by Sparta, formed a powerful See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Argos, Ells and See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens (420), which the Spartans, assisted by Tegea, See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up after a pitched See also:

• BATTLE

battle in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city's territory (418) . In the subsequent years Mantineia still found opportunity to give the Athenians covert help, and during the Corinthian War (394-387) scarcely disguised its sympathy with the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Spartan league . In 385 the Spartans seized a pretext to besiege and dismantle Mantineia and to scatter its inhabitants among four villages . The city was reconstituted after the battle of See also:

• LEUCTRA

Leuctra and under its statesman Lycomedes played a prominent See also:

• PART

part in organizing the Arcadian League (370) .

But the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-See also:

• STANDING

standing See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy against Tegea, and a See also:

• RECENT

recent one against the new See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• MEGALOPOLIS

Megalopolis, created dissensions which resulted in Mantineia passing over to the Spartan side . In the following See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of' 362 Mantineia, after narrowly escaping See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture by the Theban See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• EPAMINONDAS (c. 418-362)

Epaminondas, became the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a decisive conflict in which the latter achieved See also:

• BROKER (according to the New English Dictionary, from Lat. brocca, spit, spike, broccare, to broach "—another Eng. form of the same word; hence O. Fr. vendre d broche, to retail, e.g. wine, from the tap, and thus the general sense of dealing; see also for

Broker & Coasrell sc . See also:

• ACHAEANS ('AXaioi, Lat. Achivi)

Achaeans and jealousy of Megalopolis, was punished in 222 by a thorough devastation of the city, which was now reconstituted as a dependency of Argos and renamed Antigoneia in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the Achaeans' ally Antigonus Doson . Mantineia regained its autonomous position in the Achaean League in 192, and its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original name during a visit of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian in A.D . 133 . Under the later See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire the city dwindled into a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• VILLAGE

village, which since the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• BORE

bore the See also:

• SLAVONIC, OLD

Slavonic name of Goritza . It finally became a See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey to the See also:

• MALARIA

malaria which arose when the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell out of cultivation, and under See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• RULE

rule disappeared altogether . (M . O . B . C.) The site was excavated by M . See also:

• FOUGERES

Fougeres, of the 'See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French School at Athens, in 1888 ..

The See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the See also:

• AGORA

agora and adjacent buildings has been recovered, and the walls have been completely investigated . The town was situated in an unusual position for a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek city, on a See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat marshy plain, and its walls See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• ELLIPSE (adapted from Gr. EXkei 'tc, a deficiency, iXXeirely, to fall behind)

ellipse about 21 M. in circumference . When the town was first formed in 470 B.C. by the " synoecism " of the neighbouring villages, the See also:

• RIVER

river Ophis flowed through the midst of it, and the Spartan See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king Agesipolis dammed it up below the town and so flooded out the Mantineians and sapped their walls, which were of unbaked See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick . Accordingly, when the city was rebuilt in 370 B.C., the river Ophis was divided into two branches, which between them encircled the walls; and the walls themselves were constructed to a height of about 3 to 6 feet of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest being of unbaked brick .. These are the walls of which the remains are still extant . There are towers about every So ft.; and the See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates are so arranged that the passage inwards usually runs from right to See also:

• LEFT

left, and so an attacking force would have to expose its right or shieldless side . Within the walls the most conspicuous landmark is the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, which, unlike the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of Greek theatres, consists entirely of an artificial See also:

• MOUND

mound standing up from the level plain . Only about a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of its original height remains . Its scena is of rather irregular shape, and See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders one of the narrow ends of the agora . See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

Close to it are the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of several temples, one of them sacred to the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero Podaros . The agora is of unsymmetrical form; its sides are bordered by porticoes, interrupted by streets, like the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive- agora of Ells as described by See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias, and unlike the regular agoras of Ionic type . Most of these porticoes were of Roman See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period —the finest of them were erected, as we learn from See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions, by a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady named Epigone: one, which faced See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, had a See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• COLONNADE

colonnade, and was called the See also:

• BAIRD, HENRY MARTYN (1832—1906)
• BAIRD, JAMES (1802—1876)
• BAIRD, SIR DAVID (1757—1829)
• BAIRD, SPENCER FULLERTON (1823--1887)

Baird: close to it was a large See also:

• EXEDRA

exedra .

The foundations cf a square See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall of earlier date were found beneath this . On the opposite side of the agora was. an extensive Bouleuterion or See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house . Traces remain of paved roads both within the agora and leading out of it; but the whole site is now a deserted and feverish swamp . The site is interesting for comparison with Megalopolis; the nature of its plan seems to imply that its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main features must survive from the earlier " synoecism " a century before the time of Epaminondas . See See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo viii . 337; Pausanias viii . 8; Thucyd. iv . 134, V.; See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon, Hellenica, iv.-vii.; Diodorus xv . 85–87; See also:

• POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius ii . 57 seQ., vi . 43; D . Worenka, Mantineia (1905); B .

V . See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head, Historia numorum (See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1887), pp . 376-377; G . Fougeres in Bulletin de correspondance hellenique (1890), id . Mantinie et l'Arcadie orientale (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1898) . Consult also TEGEA; See also:

• ARCADIA

ARCADIA . Five battles are recorded to have been fought near Mantineia; 418, 362 (see above), 295 (See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius Poliorcetes defeats Archidamus of Sparta), 242 (See also:

• ARATUS

Aratus beats See also:

• AGIS

Agis of Sparta), 207 (See also:

• PHILOPOEMEN (253–184 B.C.)

Philopoemen heats Machanidas of Sparta) . The battles of 362 and 207 are, discussed at length by J . Kromayer, Antike Schlachtfelder in Griechenland (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1903), 27–123, 281–314; Wiener Studien (1905), pp . 1-16 . (E .