See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

MARK See also:

• MARK AKENSIDE (1721-1770)

AKENSIDE (1721-1770)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet and physician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle-on-See also:

• TYNE

Tyne on the 9th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1721 . He was the son of a See also:

• BUTCHER

butcher, and was slightly lame all his See also:

• LIFE

life from a See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound he received as a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child from his See also:

• FATHER

father's cleaver . All his relations were dissenters, and, after attending the See also:

• FREE

free school of Newcastle, and a dissenting See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy in the See also:

• TOWN

town, he was sent (1739) to See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh to study See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology with a view to becoming a See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, his expenses being paid from a See also:

• SPECIAL

special fund set aside by the dissenting community for the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of their pastors . He had already contributed " The Virtuoso, in See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style and See also:

• STANZA (Low Lat. stantia, Ital. stantia or stanza)

stanza " (1737) to the See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

Gentle-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine, and in 1738 " A See also:

• BRITISH

British Philippic, occasioned by the Insults of the Spaniards, and the See also:

• PRESENT

present Preparations for See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War" (also published separately) . After he had spent one See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter as a student of theology, he entered his name as .a student of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . He repaid the See also:

• MONEY

money that had been advanced for his theological studies, and with this See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of mind he seems to have drifted to a mild See also:

• DEISM (Lat. dens, god)

deism . His politics, says Dr See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, were characterized by an " impetuous eagerness to subvert and confound, with very little care what shall be established," and he is caricatured in the republican See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of See also:

• SMOLLETT, TOBIAS GEORGE (1721-1771)

Smollett's Peregrine See also:

• PICKLE

Pickle . He was elected a member of the Medical Society of Edinburgh in 1740 . His ambitions already See also:

• LAY

lay outside his profession, and his gifts as a See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker made him See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day to enter See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . In 1740 he printed his " See also:

• ODE (Gr. uiSri, from aei&ew, to sing)

Ode on the Winter See also:

• SOLSTICE (Lat. solstitium, from sal, sun, and sistere, to stand still)

Solstice " in a small See also:

• VOLUME

volume of poems . In 1741 he See also:

• LEFT

left Edinburgh for Newcastle and began to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call himself surgeon, though it is doubtful whether he practised, and from the next See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• DATES

dates his life-See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long friendship with See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah Dyson (1722-1776) . During a visit to See also:

• MORPETH

Morpeth in 1738 he had conceived the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of his didactic poem, " The Pleasures of the See also:

• IMAGINATION

Imagination." He had already acquired a considerable See also:

• LITERARY

literary reputation when he came to See also:

• LONDON

London about the end of 1743, and offered the See also:

• WORK

work to See also:

• DODSLEY, ROBERT (1703-1764)

Dodsley for £120 .

Dodsley thought the See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price exorbitant, and only accepted the terms after submitting the MS. to See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope, who assured him that this was' no everyday writer." The three books of this poem appeared in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1744 . His aim, See also:

• AKENSIDE, MARK (1721-1770)

Akenside tells us in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface, was " not so much to give formal precepts, or enter into the way of See also:

• DIRECT

direct argumentation, as, by exhibiting the most engaging prospects of nature, to enlarge and harmonize the imagination, and by that means insensibly dispose the minds of men to a similar See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste and See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of thinking in See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, morals and See also:

• CIVIL

civil life." Akenside's See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short of this lofty See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design; his imagination was not brilliant enough to surmount the difficulties inherent in a poem dealing so largely with abstractions; but the work was well received by the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general public . 'His success was not unchallenged . See also:

• GRAY
• GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
• GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
• GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
• GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
• GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
• GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
• GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
• GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
• GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
• GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
• GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
• GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)

Gray wrote to See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• WHARTON (FAMILY)
• WHARTON, FRANCIS (1820–1889)
• WHARTON, HENRY (1664–1695)

Wharton that it was " above the middling," but " often obscure and unintelligible and too much infected with the See also:

• HUTCHINSON
• HUTCHINSON, ANNE (c. 1600-1643)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1615-1664)
• HUTCHINSON, JOHN (1674-1737)
• HUTCHINSON, SIR JONATHAN (1828– )
• HUTCHINSON, THOMAS (1711-1780)

Hutchinson' See also:

• JARGON

jargon." Into a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note added by Akenside to the passage in the third See also:

• BOOK

book dealing with ridicule, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• WARBURTON, BARTHOLOMEW ELLIOTT GEORGE (1810-1852)
• WARBURTON, COLONEL SIR ROBERT (1842–1899)
• WARBURTON, WILLIAM (1698–1779)

Warburton See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose to read a reflexion on himself . Accordingly he attacked the author of the Pleasures of the Imagination—which was published anonymously—in a scathing preface to his Remarks on Several Occasional Reflections, in See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to Dr See also:

• MIDDLETON
• MIDDLETON, ARTHUR (1742–1787)
• MIDDLETON, CONYERS (1683–1750)
• MIDDLETON, THOMAS (c. 1570-1627)

Middleton . . . (1744) . This was answered, nominally by Dyson, in An See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle to the Rev . Mr Warburton, in which Akenside no doubt had a See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . It was in the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press when he left See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1744 to secure a medical degree at See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden . In little more than a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he had completed the necessary dissertation, De ortu et incremento foetus humani, and received his diploma . Returning to England he attempted without success to establish a practice in See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton .

In 1744 he published his Epistle to See also:

• CURIO, OAIUS SCRIBONIUS

Curio, attacking William Pulteney (afterwards See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath) for having abandoned his liberal principles to become a supporter of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and in the next year he produced a small volume of Odes, on Several Subjects, in the preface to which he See also:

• LAYS

lays claim to correctness and a careful study of the best See also:

• MODELS

models . His friend Dyson had meanwhile left the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, and had become, by See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase, clerk to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons . Akenside had come to London and was trying to make a practice at See also:

• HAMPSTEAD

Hampstead . Dyson took a house there, and did all he could to further his friend's See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the neighbourhood . But Akenside's arrogance and pedantry frustrated these efforts, and Dyson then took a house for him in Bloomsbury Square, making him See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of his profession by an See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance stated to have been £300 a year, but probably greater, for it is asserted that this income enabled him to " keep a See also:

• CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

chariot," and to live " incomparably well." In 1746 he wrote his much-praised " Hymn to the Naiads," and he also became a contributor to Dodsley's Museum, or Literary and See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical See also:

• REGISTER

Register . He was now twenty-five years old, and began to devote ' The reference is to See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• HUTCHESON, FRANCIS (1694-1746)

Hutcheson (1694-1746), author of an Inquiry into the See also:

• ORIGINAL

Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725).himself almost exclusively to his profession . He was an acute and learned physician . He was admitted M.D. at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge in 1753, See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of the Royal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College of Physicians in 1754, and See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor in 1755 . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1755 he read the Gulstonian lectures before the College, in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1756 the Croonian lectures, and in 1759 the Harveian oration . In January 1759 he was appointed assistant physician, and two months later See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal physician to See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital, but he was charged with harsh treatment of the poorer patients, and his unsympathetic See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character prevented the success to which his undeniable learning and ability entitled him . At the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III. both Dyson and Akenside changed their See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinions, and Akenside's See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion to Tory principles was rewarded by the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of physician to the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen . Dyson became secretary to the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of the treasury, and in 1794 privy councillor and cofferer to the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household .

Akenside died on the 23rd of June 1770, at his house in See also:

• BURLINGTON

Burlington See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, where the last ten years of his life had been spent . His friendship with Dyson puts his character in the most amiable See also:

• LIGHT

light . See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

Writing to his friend so See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1744, Akenside said that the intimacy had " the force of an additional See also:

• CONSCIENCE (Lat. con-scientia, literally " knowledge of a thing shared with another person " or " complete knowledge," and derivatively " consciousness in general)
• CONSCIENCE, HENDRIK (1812-1883)

conscience, of a new principle of religion," and there seems to have been no break in their See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection .. He left all his effects and his literary remains to Dyson,. who issued an edition of his poems in 1772 . This included the revised version of the Pleasures of Imagination, on which the author was engaged at his See also:

• DEATH

death . The first book of this work defines the powers of imagination and discusses the various kinds of See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure to be derived from the See also:

• PERCEPTION (from Lat. percipere, to perceive)

perception of beauty; the second distinguishes See also:

• WORKS

works of imagination from See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy; the third describes the pleasure to be found in the study of man, the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of ridicule, the operations of the mind, in producing works of imagination, and the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of imagination on morals . The ideas were largely borrowed from See also:

• ADDISON, JOSEPH (1672-1719)

Addison's essays on the imagination and from Lord See also:

• SHAFTESBURY
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 1ST EARL OF (1621-1683)
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 7TH EARL OF (1801–1885)
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONYASHLEY COOPER, 3RD EARL OF (1671-1713)

Shaftesbury . See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

• DOWDEN, EDWARD (1843- )

Dowden complains that " his See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone is too high-pitched; his ideas are too much in the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air; they do not nourish them-selves in the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, the common life of man." Dr Johnson praised the See also:

• BLANK (from the Fr. blanc, white)

blank See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse of the poems, but found See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault with the long and complicated periods . Akenside's verse was better when it was subjected to severer metrical rules . His odes are very few of them lyrical in the strict sense, but they are dignified and often musical, while the few " See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions " he has left are felicitous in the extreme . The best edition of Akenside's Poetical Works is that prepared (1834) by See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• DYCE, ALEXANDER (1798–1869)
• DYCE, WILLIAM (1806–1864)

Dyce for the Aldine Edition of the British Poets, and reprinted with small additions in subsequent issues of the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series . See Dyce's Life of Akenside prefixed to his edition, also Johnson's Lives of the Poets, and the Life, Writings and See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

Genius of Akenside (1832) by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Bucke .