See also:

• AKHALTSIKH (Georgian Akhaltsikhe, "new fortress")

AKHALTSIKH (Georgian Akhaltsikhe, "new fortress")  , a fortified See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• TRANSCAUCASIA

Transcaucasia, See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Tiths, 68 m . E. of See also:

• BATUM

Batum, in 410 40' N. See also:

• LAT

lat., 430 1' E. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long., on a tributary of the Kura, at an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of 3375 ft . The new town is on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river, while the old town and the fortress are on the opposite bank . There is See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• SILK

silk, See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey and See also:

• WAX

wax, and. See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• COAL

coal is found in the neighbourhood . The See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• FILIGREE (formerly written filigrann or filigrane; the Ital. filigrana, Fr. filigrane, Span. filigrana, Ger. Drahtgefiecht)

filigree See also:

• WORK

work is famous . Pop . (1897) 15,387, of whom many were Armenians, as against 15,977 in 1867 . From 1579 to 1828 See also:

• AKHALTSIKH (Georgian Akhaltsikhe, "new fortress")

Akhaltsikh was the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia . In the last-mentioned See also:

• YEAR

year it was captured by the Russians . The See also:

• TURKS

Turks invested it in 1853 . AK-See also:

• HISSAR

HISSAR (anc . Thyateira, the " town of Thya "), a town situated in a fertile See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain on. the Giirduk Chai (Lycus), in the See also:

• AIDIN

Aidin vilayet, 58 m .

N.E. of See also:

• SMYRNA (Ismir)

Smyrna . Pop. about 20,000, Mussulmans forming two-thirds . Thyateira was an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient town re-peopled with Macedonians by Seleucus about 290 B.C . It became an important station on the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman road from See also:

• PERGAMUM, or PERGAMTS (mod. Bergama)

Pergamum to See also:

• LAODICEA
• LAODICEA, SYNOD OF

Laodicea, and one of the "Seven Churches" of See also:

• ASIA

Asia (Rev. ii . 18), but was never a See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis or honoured with a See also:

• NEOCORATE

neocorate, though made the centre of a conventus by See also:

• CARACALLA (or CARACALLUS), MARCUS A U R E L I U S ANTONINUS (186-217)

Caracalla . The See also:

• MODERN

modern town is connected with Smyrna by railway, and exports See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium, cocoons and cereals . The in-habitants are Greeks, Armenians and Turks . The Greeks are of an especially See also:

• FINE

fine type, See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical and moral, and noted all through See also:

• ANATOLIA (Gr. avaroX,7, sunrise, i.e. eastern land)

Anatolia for See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and stability . W . M . See also:

• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1686-1758)
• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1713-1784)
• RAMSAY, ANDREW MICHAEL (1686-1743)
• RAMSAY, DAVID (1749—1815)
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852– )
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL (185r– )

Ramsay believes them to be See also:

• DIRECT

direct descendants of the ancient See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population; but there is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to think they are partly sprung from more See also:

• RECENT

recent immigrants who moved in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century from western See also:

• GREECE

Greece into the domain of the Karasmans of See also:

• MANISA (anc. Magnesia ad Sipylum)

Manisa and Bergama, as recorded by W . M .

See also:

• LEAKE, WILLIAM MARTIN (1777-186o)

Leake . Cotton of excellent quality is grown in the neighbourhood, and the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is celebrated for its See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet dyes . See W . M . Ramsay, Letters to the Seven Churches (1904) ; M . Clerc, De See also:

• REBUS (Lat. rebus, " by things ")

rebus Thyatirenorum (1893) .