See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

FREDERICK See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

AUGUSTUS See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• FREDERICK AUGUSTUS ALBERT
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

ALBERT  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony (1828-1902), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 23rd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1828, being the eldest son of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, who succeeded to the See also:

• THRONE

throne in 1854 . His See also:

• EDUCATION

education was, as is usual with See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German princes, to a See also:

• GREAT

great extent military, but he attended lectures at the university of See also:

• BONN

Bonn . His first experience of warfare was in 1849, when he served as a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig-See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein against the Danes . When the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 1866 See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out, the See also:

• CROWN

crown-prince was placed in command of the Saxon forces opposing the Prussian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of Prince See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles . No See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt was made to defend Saxony; the See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell back into Bohemia and effected a junction with the Austrians . They took a prominent See also:

• PART

part in the battles by which the Prussians forced the See also:

• LINE

line of the Iser and in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Gitchin . The crown-prince, however, succeeded in effecting the See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, and in the decisive battle of See also:

• KONIGGRATZ (Czech, Hradec Kralove)

Koniggratz (see SEVEN See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

WEEKS' WAR) he held the extreme See also:

• LEFT

left of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian position . The Saxons maintained their See also:

• POST

post with great tenacity, but were involved in the disastrous defeat of their See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies . During these operations the crown-prince won the reputation of a thorough soldier; after See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was made and Saxony had entered the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North German See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

confederation, he was placed in command of the Saxon army, which had now become the XII. army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of the North German army, and in this position carried out the necessary reorganization . He was a See also:

• FIRM

firm adherent of the Prussian See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance . On the outbreak of war in 187o he again commanded the Saxons, who were included in the 2nd army under Prince Frederick Charles, his old opponent . At the battle of See also:

• GRAVELOTTE

Gravelotte they formed the extreme left of the German army, and with the Prussian Guard carried out the attack on St Privat, the final and decisive See also:

• ACTION

action in the battle .

In the reorganization of the army which accompanied the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march towards See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris the crown-prince was given a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate command over the 4th army (army of the See also:

• MEUSE
• MEUSE (Flem. Maes, Du. Maas)

Meuse) consisting of the Saxons, the Prussian Guard corps and the IV . (Prussian Saxony) corps . He was succeeded in command of the XII. corps by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Prince See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, who had served under him in Bohemia . He took a leading part in the operations which preceded the battle of See also:

• SEDAN

Sedan, the 4th army being the See also:

• PIVOT (Fr. pivot; probably connected with Ital. pivolo, peg, pin, diminutive of piva, pipa, pipe)

pivot on which the whole army wheeled See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round in pursuit of See also:

• MACMAHON, MARIE

MacMahon; and the actions of Buzancy and See also:

• BEAUMONT
• BEAUMONT, BELMONT, or BELLOMONT
• BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE DE (1703-1781)
• BEAUMONT, SIR JOHN (1583–1627)

Beaumont on the 29th and 3oth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August were fought under his direction; in the battle of Sedan itself, with the troops under his orders, he carried out the envelopment of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and north . His conduct in these engagements won for him the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete confidence of the army, and during the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Paris his troops formed the north-east See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section• of the investing force . After the conclusion of the See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice he was left in command of the German army of occupation, a position which he held till the fall of the See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

Commune . On the conclusion of peace he was made an inspector-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the army and See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father on the 29th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1873 he succeeded to the throne . His reign was uneventful, and he took little public part in politics, devoting himself to military affairs, in which his See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice and experience were of the greatest value, not only to the Saxon corps but to the German army in general . In 1897 he was appointed arbitrator between the claimants for the principality of See also:

• LIPPE

Lippe' . King See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert married in 1853 Carola, daughter of Prince Gustavus of See also:

• VASA, or NIKOLAISTAD

Vasa, and granddaughter of the last king of See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Holstein . He died on the 19th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1902.1863) .