See also:ALBERT I
.
(c
.
1250-1308), See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and See also:duke of See also:Austria, eldest son of King See also:Rudolph I., the founder of the greatness of the See also:house of See also:Habsburg, was invested with the duchies of Austria and See also:Styria, together with his See also:brother Rudolph, in 1282
.
In 1283 his See also:father entrusted him with their See also:sole See also:government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success
.
Rudolph was unable to secure the See also:succession to the German See also:throne for his son, and on his See also:death in 1291, the princes, fearing See also:Albert's See also:power, See also:chose Adolph of See also:Nassau as king
.
A rising among his Swabian dependants compelled Albert to recognize the See also:sovereignty of his See also:rival, and to confine himself to the government of the Habsburg territories
.
He did not abandon his hopes of the' throne, and, in 1298, was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolph
.
The armies of the rival See also:kings met at Gollheim near See also:Worms, where Adolph was defeated and slain, and Albert submitted to a fresh See also:election
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Having secured the support of several influential princes by extensive promises, he was chosen at See also:Frankfort on the 27th of See also:July 1298, and crowned at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle on the 24th of See also:August following
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Albert sought to See also:play an important See also:part in See also:European affairs
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He seemed at first inclined to See also:press a See also:quarrel with See also:France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of See also:Pope See also:Boniface VIII. to recognize his election led him to See also:change his policy, and, in 1299, a treaty was made between Albert and See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IV., king of France, by which Rudolph, the son of the German king, was to marry See also:Blanche, a daughter of the See also:French king
.
He afterwards became estranged from Philip, and, in 1303, was recognized as German king and future See also:emperor by Boniface, and, in return, admitted the right of the pope alone to bestow the imperial See also:crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without the papal consent
.
Albert had failed in his See also:attempt to seize See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and See also:Zealand, as vacant fiefs of the See also:Empire, on the death of See also:Count See also:John I. in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King See also:Wenceslaus III
.
He also renewed the claim which had been made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne
.
His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307, and, in the same See also:year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern See also:Europe
.
His See also:action in abolishing all tolls established on the See also:Rhine since 1250, led to the formation of a See also:league against him by the Rhenish archbishops and the count See also:palatine of the Rhine; but aided by the towns, he soon crushed the rising
.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in See also:Swabia when he was murdered on the 1st of May 1308, at Windisch on the See also:Reuss, by his See also:nephew John, afterwards called " the See also:Parricide," whom he had deprived of his See also:inheritance
.
Albert married See also:Elizabeth, daughter of Meinhard IV.,count of See also:Gorz and See also:Tirol, who See also:bore him six sons and five daughters
.
Although a hard, stern See also:man, he had a keen sense of See also:justice when his selfish interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so See also:practical an intelligence
.
He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private See also:war, formed alliances with the princes in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to enforce his decrees
.
The See also:serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted See also:notice in an See also:age indifferent to the claims of See also:common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the-despised and persecuted See also:Jews
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The stories of his See also:cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons first appear in the 16th See also:century, and are now regarded as legendary
.
See G
.
See also:Droysen, Albrechts I
.
Bemuhungen um See also:die Nachfolge See also:im Reich (See also:Leipzig, 1862); J
.
F
.
A
.
Mueke, Albrecht I. von Habsburg (See also:Gotha, 1866); A
.
L
.
J
.
Michelsen, Die Landgrafschaft Thuringen unter den Konigen Adolf, Albrecht, and Heinrich VII
.
(See also:Jena, 186o)
.
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