See also:

• ALPHONSO

ALPHONSO See also:

• ALBUQUERQUE
• ALPHONSO ALBUQUERQUE

ALBUQUERQUE  D' (in Old See also:

• PORT

Port . AFFOrrso D'ALBOQUERQUE) (1453-1515), surnamed THE See also:

• GREAT

GREAT, and THE PORTUGUESE See also:

• MARS
• MARS (MAYORS, MARMAR, MARSPITER GA MASPITER)
• MARS, MLLE [ANNE FRANCOISE HYPPOLYTE BOUTET] (1779-1847)

MARS, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1453 'at See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, near See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon . Through his See also:

• FATHER

father, Gonzalvo, who held an important position at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, he was connected by illegitimate descent with the royal See also:

• FAMILY

family of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . He was educated at the court of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso V.,. and after the See also:

• DEATH

death of that monarch seems to have served for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . On his return he was appointed estribeiro-mor (See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• EQUERRY (from the Fr. ecuric, a stable, through its older form escurie, from the Med. Lat. scuria, a word of Teutonic origin for a stable or shed, cf. Ger. Scheuer; the modern spelling has con-fused the word with the Lat. equus, a horse)

equerry) to See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John II . In 1503 he set out on his first expedition to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, which was to be the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of his future triumphs . In See also:

• COMPANY

company with his kinsman Francisco he sailed See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope to See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, and succeeded in establishing the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• COCHIN
• COCHIN, DENYS MARIE PIERRE AUGUSTIN (1851L'Evolution de la vie (1895); Le Monde exterieur (1845); Contre les barbares (1899)

Cochin securely on his See also:

• THRONE

throne, obtaining in return for this service permission to build a Portuguese fort at Cochin, and thus laying the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country's See also:

• EMPIRE

empire in the East . He returned See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home in See also:

• JULY

July 1504, and was well received by King See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel, who entrusted him with the command of a See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron of five vessels in the See also:

• FLEET

fleet of sixteen which sailed for India in 15o6 under See also:

• TRISTAN
• TRISTAN, or TRISTRAM

Tristan da Cunha . After a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of successful attacks on the Arab cities on the east See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Africa, See also:

• ALBUQUERQUE
• ALBUQUERQUE, ALPHONSO

Albuquerque separated from Da Cunha, and sailed with his squadron against the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Ormuz, in the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulf, which was then one of the chief centres of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce in the East . He arrived on the 25th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1507, and soon obtained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the island, though he was unable See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long to maintain his position . With his squadron increased by three vessels, he reached the See also:

• MALABAR

Malabar coast at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• YEAR

year 1508, and immediately made known the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission he had received from the king empowering him to supersede the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor Francisco de See also:

• ALMEIDA
• ALMEIDA, DOM FRANCISCO DE (c. 1450-1510)

Almeida . The latter, however, refused to recognize Albuquerque's See also:

• CREDENTIALS (lettres de creance)

credentials and See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast him into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, from which he was only released, after three months' confinement, on the arrival of the See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of Portugal with a large fleet .

Almeida having returned home, Albuquerque speedily showed the See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and determination of his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . An unsuccessful attack upon See also:

• CALICUT

Calicut in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1510, in which the commanderin-chief received a severe See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound, was immediately followed by the investment and See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• GOA

Goa . Albuquerque, finding himself unable to hold the See also:

• TOWN

town on his first occupation, abandoned it in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, to return with the reinforcements in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, when he obtained undisputed possession . He next directed his forces against Malacca, which he subdued after a severe struggle . He remained in the town nearly a year in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to strengthen the position of the Portuguese See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . In 1512 he sailed for the coast of Malabar . On the voyage a violent See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm arose, Albuquerque's See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel, the " See also:

• FLOR, ROGER DI

Flor de la See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar," which carried the treasure he had amassed in his conquests, was wrecked, and he himself barely escaped with his See also:

• LIFE

life . In September of the same year he arrived at Goa, where he quickly suppressed a serious revolt headed by Idalcan, and took such See also:

• MEASURES

measures for the See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security and See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of the town that it became the most flourishing of the Portuguese settlements in India . Albuquerque had been for some time under orders from the home See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to undertake an expedition to the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, in order to secure that channel of communication exclusively to Portugal . He accordingly laid See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege to See also:

• ADEN

Aden in 1513, but was repulsed; and a voyage into the Red Sea, the first ever made by a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European fleet, led to no substantial results . In order to destroy the power of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, he is said to have entertained the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of diverting the course of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile and so rendering the whole countrybarren . His last warlike undertaking was a second attack upon Ormuz in 1515 .

The island yielded to him without resistance, and it remained in the possession of the Portuguese until 16.22 . Albuquerque's great career had a painful and ignominious close . He had several enemies at the Portuguese court who lost no opportunity of stirring up the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of. the king,against him, and his own injudicious and arbitrary conduct on several occasions served their end only too well . On his return from Ormuz, at the entrance of the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Goa, he met a vessel from See also:

• EUROPE

Europe bearing despatches announcing that he was superseded by his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal enemy Soarez . The See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow was too much for him and he died at sea on the 16th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1515 . Before his death he wrote a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to the king in dignified and affecting terms, vindicating his conduct and claiming for his son the honours and rewards that were justly due to himself . His See also:

• BODY

body was buried at Goa in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady, and it is perhaps the most convincing See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof possible of the See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration that, many years after, Mussulmans and See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus used to go to his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb to invoke See also:

• PROTECTION

protection against the injustice of his successors . The king of Portugal was convinced too See also:

• LATE

late of his fidelity, and endeavoured to atone for the ingratitude with 'which he had treated him by heaping honours upon his natural son Affonso . The latter published a selection from his father's papers under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Commentaries do Grande Affonso d'Alboquerque . See the Callas de Albuquerque, published by the Lisbon See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy (vol. i., 1884) ; also See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

Morse See also:

• STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON (1812-1883)
• STEPHENS, JOHN LLOYD (1805–1852)

Stephens' Life of Albuquerque; an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the Bolitim of the Lisbon See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society (January to See also:

• JUNE

June 19o2) on " 0 See also:

• ANTIGO

antigo Imperialismo portuguez, &c.,'` has especial reference to Albuquerque .