See also:

• ALHAZEN (ABU ALI AL-HASAN IBN ALHASAN)

ALHAZEN (See also:

• ABU

ABU See also:

• ALI

ALI AL-See also:

• HASAN

HASAN See also:

• IBN

IBN ALHASAN)  , Arabian mathematician of the 11th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BASRA (written also BUSRA, BASSORA and BASSORA)

Basra and died at See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo in 1038 . He is to be distinguished from another See also:

• ALHAZEN (ABU ALI AL-HASAN IBN ALHASAN)

Alhazen who translated See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy's Almagest in the loth century . Having boasted that he could construct a See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine for regulating the inundations of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, he was summoned to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt by the See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph Hakim; but, aware of the impracticability of his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme, and fearing the caliph's anger, he feigned madness until Hakim's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1021 . Alhazen was, nevertheless, a diligent and successful student, being the first See also:

• GREAT

great discoverer in See also:

• OPTICS

optics after the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Ptolemy . According to Giovanni Battista della Porta, he first explained the apparent increase of heavenly bodies near the See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon, although See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon gives the See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit of this See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery to Ptolemy . He taught, previous to the See also:

• POLISH

Polish physicist Witelo, that See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision does not result from the emission of rays from the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye, and wrote also on the See also:

• REFRACTION
• REFRACTION (Lat. refringere, to break open or apart)

refraction of See also:

• LIGHT

light, especially on atmospheric refraction, showing, e.g. the cause of See also:

• MORNING

morning and evening See also:

• TWILIGHT

twilight . He` solved the problem of finding the point in a See also:

• CONVEX

convex See also:

• MIRROR (through O. Fr. mirour, mod. miroir, from a sup-posed Late Lat. miratorium, from mirari, to admire)

mirror at which a See also:

• RAY (Lat. raia)
• RAY (or WRAY, as he wrote his name till 1670), JOHN (1628-1705)

ray coming from one given point shall be reflected to another given point . His See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on optics was translated into Latin by Witelo (1270), and afterwards published by F . Risner in 1572, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Opticae See also:

• THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)

thesaurus Alhazeni libri VII., cum ejusdem libro de crepusculis et nubium ascensionibus . This See also:

• WORK

work enjoyed a great reputation during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . See also:

• WORKS

Works on geometrical subjects were found in the Bibliotheque nationale de See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1834 by E . A .

Sedillot; other See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts are pre-served in the Bodleian library at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford and in the library of See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden . See See also:

• CASIRI, MIGUEL (1710-1791)

Casiri, Bibl . Arab . Hisp . Escur . ; J . E . See also:

• MONTUCLA, JEAN ETIENNE (1725-1799)

Montucla, Histoire See also:

• DES

des mathematiques (1758); and E . A . Sedillot, Materiaux pour l'histoire des sciences mathematiques .