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ALMACANTAR (from the Arabic for a sun-dial)

ALMADEN, or ALMADEN DEL AZOGUE

DIEGO DE ALMAGRO (1475-1538)

ALMANDINE, or ALMANDITE

ALMANSA, or ALMANZA

DOM FRANCISCO DE ALMEIDA (c. 1450-1510)

ALMERY, ALMERY, AUMBRIE, or AMBRY (from the medieval form almarium, cf. Lat. almarium, a place for keeping tools; cf. O. Fr. aumoire and mod. armoire)

ALMODOVAR DEL CAMPO, or ALMODOVAR

ALMOGAVARES (from the Arab, Al-Mugavari, a scout)

ALMOHADES (properly Muwahhadis, i.e. " Unitarians," the name being corrupted through the Spanish)

JOHN ALMON (1737-1805)

ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

ALMONER (from Lat. eleemosynarius, through med. Lat. almosynarius, almonarius, and Fr. almosnier, aumosniea, &c., mod. Fr. aumonier)

ALMONRY (Lat. eleemosynarium, Fr. aumonerie, Ger. Almosenhaus)

ALMORAVIDES (properly Murabtis, the name being corrupted through the Spanish)

KARL JONAS LUDWIG ALMQVIST (1793-1866)

ALNAGE, or ALLNAGE (from Fr. aune, ell)

ALOST (Flem. Aalst)

ALOTDAE, or ALOADAE

ALPHORN ALPENHORN

ALPES MARITIMES

ALPHABET (see also WRITING)

SAINT ALPHEGE [zELFHEAH] (954-1023)

ALPHEUS ('AAdseaos; mod. Ruphia)

COUNT OF TOULOUSE AND OF POITIERS ALPHONSE (I220-1271)

ALPHONSUS A SANCTA MARIA, or ALPHONSO DE CARTAGENA (1396—1456)

PROSPERO ALPINI (PROSPER ALPINUS)

ALPUJARRAS, or ALPUXARRAS, THE (Moorish al Busherat, " the grass-land ")

ALQUIFOU (etymologically the same word as " alcohol ")

ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

ALSATIA (the old French province of Alsace)

ALSEN (Danish Als)

ALSIETINUS LACUS (mod. Lago di Martignano)

ALSIUM (mod. Palo)

VINCENT ALSOP (c. 163o—1703)

JOHANN HEINRICH ALSTED (1588—1638)

CHARLES ALSTON (1683-176o)

JONAS ALSTROMER (1685—1761)

ALTAI (in Mongolian Altain-ula, the " Mountains of Gold ")

ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

ALTARS IN THE CHRISTIAN

ALBRECHT ALTDORFER (? 1480–1538)

SIR CHARLES [Karl] ALTEN (1764–1840)

ALTERNATION (from Lat. alternare, to do by turns)

JOHANN HEINRICH ALTING (1583-1644)

ALTINUM (mod. Altino)

ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

ALTO (Ital. for " high ")

ALTRINCHAM, or ALTRINGIIAM (and so pronounced)

ALTRUISM (Fr. autrui, from Lat. alter, the other of two)

ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

ALUNITE, or ALUMSTONE

ALUR (Lur, Luri, Lurem)

ALURE (0. Fr., from aller, to walk)

ALVA WOODS (1794-1887)

ALVA, or ALBA, FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, DUKE OF, (1508-1583)

PEDRO DE ALVARADO (1495-1541)

DON JOSE ALVAREZ (1768-1827)

DON MANUEL ALVAREZ (1727-1797)

FRANCISCO ALVAREZ (c. 1465-1541?)

MAX ALVARY (1858-1898)

ALVEARY (from the Lat. alvearium)

ALVEOLATE (from Lat. alveolus)

1ST BARON RICHARD EVERARD WEBSTER ALVERSTONE (1842— )

ALWAR, or ULWAR

ALYPIUS OF ANTIOCH

JOHANN BAPTIST ALZOG (1808-1878)

AMALRIC (Fr. AMAURY) OF BENA (d. c. 1204-1207)

POMPONIO AMALTLO (15o5–r584)

AMANUENSIS (a Latin word, derived from the phrase servus a menu, slave of the hand, a secretary)

AMARA SINHA (c. A.D. 375)

AMARANTH, or AMARANT (from the Gr. aµfipavros, unwithering)

MICHELE AMARI (1806—1889)

AMARYLLIS (the name of a girl in classical pastoral poetry)

AMASIA (anc. Amasia)

AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

AMATITLAN, or SAN JUAN DE AMATITLAN

AMAUROSIS (Gr. for " blinding,")

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

AMBATO, or ASIENTO DE AMBATO

AMBERGRIS (Ambra grisea, Ambre gris, or grey amber)

AMBIENT (from Lat. ambi, on both sides, and ire, to go)

AMBIGUITY (Fr. ambiguite, med. Lat. ambiguitas, from Lat. ambiguus, doubtful; ambi, both ways, agere, to drive)

AMBO, or AMBON (Gr. altswv, from avasatvew, to walk up, the reading-desk of early Basilican churches, also called 7r'p'yoc. Originally small and movable, it was afterwards made of large proportions and fixed in one place. In the Byzantine and early Romane

GEORGES AMBOISE

AMBOYNA (Dutch Ambon)

AMBRACIA (more correctly AMPRACIA)

AUGUST WILHELM AMBROS (1816—1876)

AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)

AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)

AMBROSE (fl. 119o)

AMBROSE THE CAMALDULIAN

ISAAC AMBROSE (1604-1663/4)

SAINT AMBROSE (c. 340-307)

BARTOLOMEO AMBROSINI (1588-1657)

AMBROSIUS AURELIANUS

AMBULANCE (from the Fr. ambulance, formerly hopital ambulant, derived from the Lat. amlrulare, to move about)

AMBULATORY (Med. Lat. ainbulatorium, a place for walking, from ambulare, to walk)

AMBUSH (older form, " embush," O. Fr. embusche, from the Ital. imboscata, in and bosco, a wood)

AMEDEO FERDINANDO MARIA DI SAVOIA

ABRAHAM NICOLAS AMELOT DE LA HQUSSAYE (1634-. 1706)

AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

AMENTIFERAE, or AMENTACEAE

AMERCEMENT, or AMERCIAMENT (derived, through the Fr. (I merci, from Lat. merces, pay)

AMERIA (mod. Amelia)

AMERICA ISLANDS

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)

AMERICAN COTTON

AMERICAN GOVERNORS OF

AMERICAN GOVERNORS OF FLORIDA

AMERICAN LITERATURE

AMERICAN MINERAL WATERS

AMERICAN RAILWAY

AMERICAN WAR OF 1812

AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1775-1781)

FISHER AMES (1758–1808)

JOSEPH AMES (1689–1759)

OAKES AMES (1804–1873)

WILLIAM AMES (1576–1633)

BARON JEFFREY AMHERST AMHERST (1717-1797)

NICHOLAS AMHURST (1697-1742)

AMICABLE NUMBERS

GIOVANNI BATTISTA AMICI (1786-1863)

EDMONDO DE AMICIS (1846-1908)

AMICUS CURIAE (Lat. for " a friend of the court ")

HENRI FREDERIC AMIEL (1821-1881)

JEAN JOSEPH MARIE AMIOT (1718-1793)

AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

AMIRS AND SULTANS 4 OF

AMLWCH (llwch= " lake ")

JOHANN CONRAD AMMAN (1669-c.773o)

JOST AMMAN (1539-1591)

PAUL AMMAN (1634-1691)

BARTOLOMEO AMMANATI (1511-1592)

MARCELLINUS AMMIANUS

SCIPIONE AMMIRATO (1531-16or)

CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON AMMON (1766—185o)

AMMONIACUM, or GUM AMMONIAC

AMMONIUS GRAMMATICUS

AMMONIUS HERMIAE (5th century A.D.)

AMMONIUS SACCAS (3rd century A.D.)

AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

GUILLAUME AMONTONS (1663–17o5)

AMORPHISM (from a, privative, and yopc , form)

EUSEBIUS AMORT (1692-1775)

AMORTIZATION (derived through the French from Lat. ad, and mortem, to death)

THOMAS AMORY (c. 1691-1788)

SHELDON AMOS (1835–1886)

LUCIUS AMPELIUS

AMPELOPSIS (from Gr. aµtreXor , vine, and &lies, appearance, as it resembles the grape-vine in habit)

ANDRE MARIE AMPERE (1775–1836)

JEAN JACQUES AMPERE (1800-1864)

AMPEREMETER, or AMMETER

AMPERSAND (a corruption of the mixed English and Latin phrase, " and per se and," of which there are many dialect forms, as " ampussyand," or " amperseand ")

AMPHICTYONY (Gr. aµduKrvovia, i.e. a body composed of ai.*Krloves, (igrPtKri ov s, " dwellers around ")

AMPHIOXUS, or LANCELET

AMPHIPOLIS (mod. Yeni Keui)

AMPHIPROSTYLE (from the Gr. &µ¢i, on both sides, and apoo rvXos, a portico)

AMPHISBAENA (a Greek word, from &pegs, both ways, and flaivav, to go)

AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

AMPHORA (a Latin word from Gr. aµdopeus, derived from awl* on both sides, and OpeLv, to bear)

AMPLIATIVE (from Lat. ampliare, to enlarge)

AMPLITUDE (from Lat. amplus, large)

AMPSANCTUS, or AMSANCTUS (mod. Sorgente Mefita)

1ST BARON ODO WILLIAM LEOPOLD RUSSELL AMPTHILL (18'29-1884)

AMPULLA (either a diminutive of amphora, of from Lat. ambo, both, and olla, a pot)

AMRAOTI, or UMRAWATTEE

AMRAVATI, or AMARAVATI

AMRITSAR, or UMRITSAR

AMRUM, or AMROM

NICOLAUS VON AMSDORF (1483-1565)

SAMUEL AMSLER (1791–1849)

AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

RUNNING AMUCK (or more properly AMox)

AMULET (Late Lat. amuletum, origin unknown; falsely connected with the Arab. himdlah, a cord used to suspend a small Koran from the neck)

AMUR (known also as the Sakhalin-ula)

AMYGDALIN (from the Gr. aµurySaXrt, almond), C2

AMYL ALCOHOLS (C5H11OH)

AMYL NITRITE (isoamyl nitrite), C5H11

JACQUES AMYOT (1513-1593)

MOSES AMYRAUT (1506-1664)

ANABAPTISTS (" re-baptizers," from Gr. apa and J3airri tt')

ANABOLISM (Gr. Iva, up, f3oXil, a throw)

ANACHRONISM (from ava, back, and xpovor, time)

ANACOLUTHON (Gr. for " not following on ")

ANACREONTICS (from the name of the Greek poet Anacreon)

ANADYOMENE ('AvaSvoj v )

ANAEMIA (from Gr. ay-, privative, and aiµa, blood)

ANAGNIA [mod. Anagni; pop. (1901) 10,059]

ANAGRAM (Gr. ava, back, and ypa(beiv, to write)

ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

ANALYTIC (the adjective of " analysis," q.v.)

ANAMORPHOSIS (a Gr. word, derived from ava, back, and µopc/)ri, form: the second o in the Greek is long, but in English the pronunciation varies)

ANAPAEST (from Gr. ava1raulros, reversed)

ANARCHISM (from the Gr. av-, and (Ipxrt, contrary to authority)

ANASTOMOSIS (a Greek word in which the second o is long, from avaaroµovv, to furnish with a mouth or outlet)

ANATHEMA (from Gr. avarz6 'cu, to lift up)

ANATOLE HENRI PHILIPPE DE SEGUR (1823-1902)

JACOB ANATOLI (c. 1194-1256)

ANATOLIA (Gr. avaroX,7, sunrise, i.e. eastern land)

ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

ANATTO (possibly a native American name, with many variants such as annatto, arnotto)

ANAXARCHUS (c. 340 B.C.)

ANAZARBUS (med. Ain Zarba; mod. Navarza)

DUKE OF ANCASTER AND KESTEVEN

JACQUES ARSENE FRANCOIS POLYCARPE ANCELOT (1794-18J4)

ANCHOR (from the Greek ayrcvpa, which Vossius considers is from 6yi17 , a crook or hook)

ANCHOVY (Engraulis encrasicholus)

THE ANCIEN REGIME

ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ANCIENT AUTBORITIES

ANCIENT AUTHORITIES

ANCIENT AUTIIORITIES

ANCILLARY (from the Lat. ancilla, a handmaid)

CHARLES ANCILLON (1659-1715)

JOHANN PETER FRIEDRICH ANCILLON (1766-1837)

ANCON (from the Gr. ayi ww)

ALESSANDRO ANCONA (1835– )