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JOHN ALMON (1737-1805)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 716 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:ALMON (1737-1805)  , See also:English See also:political pamphleteer and publisher, was See also:born at See also:Liverpool on the 17th of See also:December 1737 . In See also:early See also:life he was apprenticed to a printer in his native See also:town, and he also spent two years at See also:sea . He came to See also:London in 1758 and at once began a career which, if not important in itself, had a very important See also:influence on the political See also:history of the See also:country . The Whig opposition, hampered and harassed by the See also:Government to an extent that threatened the See also:total suppression of See also:independent See also:opinion, were in See also:great need of a channel of communication with the public, and they found what they wanted in See also:Almon . He had become personally known to the leaders through various publications of his own which had a great though transient popularity; the more important of these being The Conduct of a See also:late See also:Noble See also:Commander [See also:Lord See also:George See also:Sackville] Examined (1759); a See also:Review of his late See also:Majesty's Reign (1760); a Review of Mr See also:Pitt's See also:Administration (1761); and a number of letters on political subjects . The review of Pitt's administration passed through four See also:editions, and secured for its author the friendship of See also:Earl See also:Temple, to whom it was dedicated . Brought thus into the counsels of the Whig party, he was persuaded in 1763 to open a bookseller's See also:shop in Piccadilly, chiefly for the publication and See also:sale of political See also:pamphlets . This involved considerable See also:personal See also:risk, and though he generally received with every pamphlet a sum sufficient to secure him against all contingencies, he deserves the See also:credit of having done much to secure the freedom of the See also:press . The government strengthened his influence by their repressive See also:measures . In 1765 the See also:attorney-See also:general moved to have him tried for the publication of the pamphlet entitled Juries and Libels, but the See also:prosecution failed; and in 1770, for merely selling a copy of the London Museum containing See also:Junius's celebrated " See also:Letter to the See also:King," he was sentenced by Lord See also:Mansfield to pay a See also:fine of ten marks and give See also:security for his See also:good behaviour . It was this trial that called forth the letter to Lord Mansfield, one of the bitterest of the Junius See also:series . Almon himself published an See also:account of the trial, and of course did not let slip the opportunity of reprinting the See also:matter that had been the ground of See also:indictment; but no further proceedings were taken against him .

In 1774 Almon commenced the publication of his See also:

Parliamentary See also:Register, a monthly See also:report of the debates in See also:parliament, and he also issued an abstract of the debates from 1742, when See also:Richard See also:Chandler's Reports ceased, to 1774 . About the same See also:time, having earned a competency, he retired to Boxmoor in See also:Hertfordshire, though he still continued to write on political subjects . He became proprietor in 1784 of the General Advertiser, in the management of which he lost his See also:fortune and was declared insolvent . To these calamities was added an imprisonment for See also:libel . The claims of his creditors compelled him to leave the country, but after some years in See also:France he was enabled to return to Boxmoor, where he continued a career of undiminished See also:literary activity, See also:publishing among other See also:works an edition of Junius . His last See also:work was an edition of Wilkes's See also:correspondence, with a memoir (18o5) . He died on the 12th of December 18o5 . Almon's works, most of which appeared anonymously, have no great literary merit, but they are of very considerable value to the student of the political history of the See also:period .

End of Article: JOHN ALMON (1737-1805)
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