See also:

• ALNAGE, or ALLNAGE (from Fr. aune, ell)

ALNAGE, or ALLNAGE (from Fr. aune, ell)  , the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official super-See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision of the shape and quality of manufactured woollen See also:

• CLOTH

cloth . It was first ordered in the reign of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I. that " woollen cloths, wherever they are made, shall be of the same width, to wit, of two ells within the lists, and of the same goodness in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle and sides." This See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

ordinance is usually known as the See also:

• ASSIZE

Assize of See also:

• MEASURES

Measures or the Assize of Cloth . See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

Article 35 of Magna Carta re-enacted the Assize of Cloth, and in the reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. an official called an "alnager " was appointed to enforce it . IIis See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty was to measure each piece of cloth, and to affix a See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

stamp to show that it was of the necessary See also:

• SIZE

size and quality . As, how-ever, the diversity of the See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and the importation of cloths of various sizes from abroad made it impossible to maintain any specific See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of width, the rules as to size were repealed in 1353 . The increased growth of the woollen See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and the introduction of new and lighter drapery in the reign of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, compelled a revision of the old See also:

• STANDARDS

standards . A See also:

• STATUTE

statute was passed in 1665 creating the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of alnager of the new drapery, and defining the sizes to which cloth should be See also:

• WOVEN

woven . The See also:

• OBJECT

object of the statute was to prevent See also:

• PEOPLE

people being deceived by buying See also:

• SPURIOUS

spurious woollen cloth, and to provide against See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud and See also:

• IMPOSITION (from Lat. imponere, to place or lay upon)

imposition . Owing to the introduction of the alternative standard, a distinction arose between " broadcloth " (cloth of two yards) and " streit " or "strait " (narrow cloth of one yard) . The meaning now attached to broadcloth, however, is merely that of material of See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior quality . See also:

• ALNAGE, or ALLNAGE (from Fr. aune, ell)

Alnage duties and the office of alnager were abolished in 1699 . See W .

J . See also:

• ASHLEY, WILLIAM JAMES (186o- )

Ashley, Economic See also:

• HISTORY

History; and W . See also:

• CUNNINGHAM, ALEXANDER (c.1655-173o)
• CUNNINGHAM, ALLAN (1784-1842)
• CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM (1805-1861)

Cunningham, Growth of See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

Industry and See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

Commerce .