See also:

• ALPHONSO

ALPHONSO XII  . (1857—1885), See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, son of See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella II. and Maria Fernando Francisco de See also:

• ASSISI (anc. Asisium)

Assisi, eldest son of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 28th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1857 . When See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Isabella and her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband were forced to leave Spain by the revolution of 1868 he accompanied them to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and from thence he was sent to the Theresianum at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna to continue his studies . On the 25th of See also:

• JUNE

June 187o he was recalled to Paris, where his See also:

• MOTHER

mother abdicated in his favour, in the presence of a number of See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish nobles who had followed the fortunes of the exiled queen . He assumed the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso XII.; for although no king of See also:

• UNITED

united Spain had previously See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne the name, the Spanish See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy was regarded as continuous with the more See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient monarchy, represented by the eleven See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon and See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile already referred to . Shortly afterwards he proceeded to See also:

• SANDHURST

Sandhurst to continue his military studies, and while there he issued, on the 1st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1874, in reply to a birthday greeting from his followers, a manifesto proclaiminghimself the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole representative of the Spanish monarchy . At the end of the See also:

• YEAR

year, when See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Serrano See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• MADRID

Madrid to take command of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Martinez See also:

• CAMPOS
• CAMPOS, ARSENIO MARTINEZ DE (1831-1900)

Campos, who had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been working more or less openly for the king, carried off some battalions of the central army to Sagunto, rallied to his own See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag the troops sent against him, and entered See also:

• VALENCIA
• VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

Valencia 'in the king's name . Thereupon the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council resigned, and the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power was transferred to the king's plenipotentiary and adviser, Canovas del See also:

• CASTILLO

Castillo . In the course of a few days the king arrived at Madrid, passing through See also:

• BARCELONA

Barcelona and Valencia, and was received everywhere with See also:

• ACCLAMATION (Lat. acclamatio, a shouting at)

acclamation (1875) . In 1876 a vigorous See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the Carlists, in which the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young king took See also:

• PART

part, resulted in the defeat of See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• CARLOS, DON (1545-1568)
• CARLOS, DON (1788-1855)
• CARLOS, DON (CHARLES MARIA DE LOS DOLORES JUAN ISIDOR.E JOSEPH FRANCIS QUIRIN ANTONY MICHAEL GABRIEL RAPHAEL) (1848—1909)

Carlos and his See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of the struggle . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early in 1878 Alphonso married his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin, Princess Maria de See also:

• LAS

las Mercedes, daughter of the duc de See also:

• MONTPENSIER, ANNE MARIE LOUISE
• MONTPENSIER, COUNTS AND DUKES OF

Montpensier, but she died within six months of her See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . Towards the end of the same year a young workman of See also:

• TARRAGONA
• TARRAGONA (anc. Tarraco)

Tarragona, See also:

• OLIVA, FERNAN PEREZ DE (1492?-1530)

Oliva Marcousi, fired at the king in Madrid .

On the 29th of November 1879 he married a princess of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, Maria See also:

• CHRISTINA (1626–1689)
• CHRISTINA [MARIA CHRISTINA HENRIETTA DESIREE FELICITE RENIERE]

Christina, daughter of the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

Archduke See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand . During the See also:

• HONEYMOON

honeymoon a pastrycook named Otero fired at the young sovereigns as they were See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving in Madrid . The See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children of this marriage were Maria de las Mercedes, titular queen from the See also:

• DEATH

death of her See also:

• FATHER

father until the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of her See also:

• BROTHER

brother, born on the 1th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1880, married on the 14th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1901 to See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Carlos of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon, died on the 17th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1904; Maria Teresa, born on the 12th of November 1882, married to Prince Ferdinand of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria on the 12th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1906; and Alphonso (see below) . In 1881 the king refused to See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law by which the ministers were to remain in See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for a fixed See also:

• TERM

term of eighteen months, and upon the consequent resignation of Canovas del Castillo, he summoned See also:

• SAGASTA, PRAXEDES MATEO (1827—1903)

Sagasta, the Liberal See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . Alphonso died of See also:

• PHTHISIS (Gr. 49Lnns " wasting ")

phthisis on the 24th of November 1885 . Coming to the See also:

• THRONE

throne at such an early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, he had served no See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship in the See also:

• ART

art of ruling, but he possessed See also:

• GREAT

great natural tact and a See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment ripened by the trials of See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . Benevolent and sympathetic in disposition, he won the See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of his See also:

• PEOPLE

people by fearlessly visiting the districts ravaged by See also:

• CHOLERA (from the Gr. Xo)du, tile, and Map, to flow)

cholera or devastated by See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake in 1885 . His capacity for dealing with men was considerable, and he never allowed himself to become the See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument of any particular party . In his See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short reign See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was established both at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and abroad, the finances were well regulated, and the various administrative services were placed on a basis that afterwards enabled Spain to pass through the disastrous See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with the United States without even the See also:

• THREAT

threat of a revolution . ALPHoNso XIII . (1886— ), king of Spain, son of Alphonso XII., was born, after his father's death, on the 17th of May 1886 . His mother, Queen Maria Christina, was appointed See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent during his minority .(see SPAIN: See also:

• HISTORY

History) .

In 1902, on attaining his 16th year, the king assumed See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . On the 31st of May 1906 he married Princess See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• EUGENIE

Eugenie Julia Ena Maria Christina of See also:

• BATTENBERG

Battenberg, niece of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . As the king and queen were returning from the See also:

• WEDDING

wedding they narrowly escaped assassination in a See also:

• BOMB

bomb See also:

• EXPLOSION

explosion, which killed and injured many bystanders and members of the royal procession . An See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the throne was born on the loth of May 1907, and received the name of Alphonso .