See also:

• AMALRIC
• AMALRIC (Fr. AMAURY) OF BENA (d. c. 1204-1207)

AMALRIC I  ., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king' from 116e to 1174, was the son of See also:

• FULK
• FULK (d. goo)

Fulk of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, and the See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin III . He was twice married: by his first wife, See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes of See also:

• EDESSA
• EDESSA (mod. , Vodena)

Edessa, he had issue a son and a daughter, Baldwin IV. and Sibylla, -while his second wife, Maria Comnena, See also:

• BORE

bore him a daughter See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, who ultimately carried the See also:

• CROWN

crown of Jerusalem to her See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• HUSBAND

husband, See also:

• AMALRIC
• AMALRIC (Fr. AMAURY) OF BENA (d. c. 1204-1207)

Amalric of See also:

• LUSIGNAN

Lusignan (Amalric II.) . The reign of Amalric I. was occupied by the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian problem . It became a question between Amalric and Nureddin, which of the two should See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control the discordant viziers, who vied with one another for the control of the decadent caliphs of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt . The acquisition of Egypt had been an See also:

• OBJECT

object of the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks since the days of Baldwin I . (and indeed of See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

Godfrey himself, who had promised to cede Jerusalem to the See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch Dagobert as soon as he should himself `acquire See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo) . The See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• ASCALON

Ascalon by Baldwin III. in 1153 made this object more feasible; and we find the Hospitallers preparing See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch-maps of the routes best suited for an invasion of Egypt, in the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, it was natural for Nureddin to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to 'secure Egypt, both because it was the See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of the trading route which ran from See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus and because the acquisition of Egypt would enable him to surround the Latin See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . For some five years a contest was waged between Amalric and Shirguh (Shirguh), the See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of Nureddin, for the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Egypt . Thrice (1164,1167,1168) Amalric penetrated into Egypt: but the contest ended in the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin, the See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of Shirguh, as See also:

• VIZIER

vizier a position which, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of the puppet See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph in rt71,' was turned into that of See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . The extinction of the Latin kingdom might now seem imminent; and envoys were' sent to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West with anxious appeals for assistance in 1169, 1171 and 1173 . But though in 1170 'Saladin attacked the kingdom, and captured Aila on the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, the danger was not 'so See also:

• GREAT

great as it seemed .

Nureddin was jealous of his over-mighty "subject, and his See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound Saladin's hands . This was the position of affairs when Amalric died, in 1174; but, as Nureddin died in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, the position was soon altered and Saladin began the final attack on the kingdom . Amalric I., the second of the native See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of Jerusalem, had the qualities of his brother Baldwin III . (q.v.) . He was something of a See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, and it was he who set See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre to See also:

• WORK

work . He was perhaps still more of a lawyer: his delight was in knotty points of the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and he knew the Assises better than any of his subjects . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church had some doubts of him, and he laid his hands on theCh irch . William of Tyre was once astonished to find him questioning, on a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of sickness, the resurrection of the See also:

• BODY

body; and his See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation of clerical goods gave umbrage to the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy generally . But he maintained the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of his kingdom with the resources which he owed to the Church; and he is the last in the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early kings of Jerusalem . William of Tyre is our See also:

• ORIGINAL

original authority: see xix . 2-3 for his sketch of Amalric . Rohricht narrates the reign of Amalric I., Geschichte See also:

• DES

des Konigreichs Jerusalem, c. xvii.-xviii .

Amalric II., king from 1197 to 1205, was the brother of See also:

• GUY, THOMAS (1644–1724)

Guy of Lusignan . He had been See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of Jerusalem, but in L194, on the death of his brother, he became king of See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus, as Amalric I . He married Isabella, the daughter of Amalric I. by his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, and became king of Jerusalem in right of his wife in 1197 . In 1198 he was able to procure a five years' truce with the Mahommedans, owing to the struggle between Saladin's See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers and his sons for the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of his territories . The truce was disturbed by raids on both sides, but in 1204 it was renewed for six years . Amalric died in 1205, just after his son and just before his wife . The kingdom of Cyprus passed to See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh, his son by an earlier marriage, while that of Jerusalem passed to Maria, the daughter of Isabella by her previous marriage with See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad of See also:

• MONTFERRAT, COUNT OF

Montferrat . (E .