AMETHYST  , a See also:

• VIOLET

violet or See also:

• PURPLE

purple variety of See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz used as an ornamental See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone . The name is generally said to be derived from the Gr. a, " not," and µe9iQxew, " to intoxicate," expressing the old belief that the stone protected its owner from strong drink . It was held that See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine drunk out of a See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup of amethyst would not intoxicate . According, however, to the Rev . C . W . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King, the word may probably be a corruption of an Eastern name for the stone . The See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of amethyst is usually attributed to the presence of See also:

• MANGANESE (symbol Mn; atomic weight, 54.93 (0=16)], a metallic chemical element. Its dioxide (pyrolusite)

manganese, but as it is capable of being much altered and even discharged by See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat it has been referred by some authorities to an organic source . Ferric thiocyanate has been suggested, and See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur is said to have been detected in the See also:

• MINERAL

mineral . On exposure to heat, amethyst generally becomes yellow, and much of the See also:

• CAIRNGORM

cairngorm or yellow quartz of jewellery is said to be merely " burnt amethyst." See also:

• VEINS

Veins of amethystine quartz are See also:

• APT

apt to lose their colour on the exposed outcrop . Amethyst is composed of an irregular superposition of alternate lamellae of right-handed and See also:

• LEFT

left-handed quartz . (See QUARTZ.) It has been shown by Prof .

J . W . See also:

• JUDD, SYLVESTER (1813–1853)

Judd that this structure may be due to See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical stresses . In consequence of this composite formation, amethyst is apt to break with a rippled fracture, or to show " thumb markings," and the intersection of two sets of curved ripples may produce on the fractured See also:

• SURFACE

surface a See also:

• PATTERN

pattern something like that of " See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine turning." Some mineralogists, following See also:

• SIR

Sir D . See also:

• BREWSTER, SIR DAVID (1781–1868)
• BREWSTER, WILLIAM (c. 1566–1644)

Brewster, apply the name of amethyst to all quartz which exhibits this structure, regardless of its colour . The amethyst was used as a See also:

• GEM (Lat. gemma, a bud,—from the root gen, meaning " to produce,"—or precious stone; in the latter sense the Greek term is > d>os)
• GEM, ARTIFICIAL

gem-stone by the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Egyptians, and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglios . Beads of amethyst are found in Anglo-Saxon See also:

• GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . Amethyst is a very widely distributed mineral, but See also:

• FINE

fine clear specimens See also:

• FIT

fit for cutting as ornamental stones are confined to comparatively few localities . Such crystals occur either in cavities in mineral-veins and in granitic rocks, or as a lining in See also:

• AGATE

agate geodes . A huge geode, or " amethyst-grotto," from near See also:

• SANTA

Santa Cruz in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, was exhibited at the See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1902 . Many of the hollow agates of Brazil and See also:

• URUGUAY (officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, and long locally called the Banda Oriental, meaning the land on the eastern side of the river Uruguay, from which the country takes its name)

Uruguay contain a See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop of amethyst-crystals in the interior . Much fine amethyst comes from See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, especially from neat Mursinka in the See also:

• EKATERINBURG

Ekaterinburg See also:

• DISTRICT

district, where it occurs in drusy cavities in granitic rocks .

Many localities in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India yield amethyst; and it is found also in See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, chiefly as pebbles . Purple See also:

• CORUNDUM

corundum, or See also:

• SAPPHIRE

sapphire of amethystine tint, is called See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental amethyst, but this expression is often applied by jewellers to fine examples of the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary amethystine quartz, even when not derived from Eastern See also:

• SOURCES

sources . Amethyst occurs at many localities in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, but rarely fine enough for use in jewellery . Among these may be mentioned Amethyst See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain, See also:

• TEXAS

Texas; Yellowstone See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park; See also:

• DELAWARE

Delaware Co., See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania; See also:

• HAYWOOD, ELIZA (c. 1693-1756)

Haywood Co., See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Carolina; See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

Deer See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, and See also:

• STOW, JOHN (c. 1525-1605)

Stow, See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine . It is found also in the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• SUPERIOR

Superior district . See G . F . Kunz, Gems b'c. of North See also:

• AMERICA

America (r89o),and See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report forr2th See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

Census (vol . "Mines and Quarries") .