AMICE  (earlier forms: amyl, amyl, O . Fr. amit, See also:

• LAT

Lat. amictus, from amicire, to throw or wrap See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of t to s being probably due to an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early confusion with the aumuce: see ALMLCE), a liturgical vestment of the Western See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . It is a rectangular piece of See also:

• CLOTH

cloth which is wrapped round the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck, shoulders and See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast . Sometimes, more particularly in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, it is called the humerale (from humerus, See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder) . According to See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• ROMAN

Roman use, laid down by the See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of the See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

Congregation of See also:

• RITES

Rites in 1819, the amice must be of See also:

• LINEN

linen or of a hempen material, not See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool; and, as directed by the new Roman See also:

• MISSAL

Missal (1570), a small See also:

• CROSS

cross must be sewn or embroidered in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of it . In putting it on it is first laid on the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, then allowed to fall on the shoulders, and finally folded round the See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest and tied with the strings attached for that purpose (see fig . I) . The amice is now worn under the See also:

• ALB (Lat. alba, from albus, white)

alb, except at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan and See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, where it is put on over it . The vest- ment was at first a perfectly See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white cloth, but in the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom arose of decorating the upper border with a See also:

• BAND

band of See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

embroidery, the parure (parura) or " See also:

• APPAREL (from O. Fr. aparail, aparailler, mod. appareil, from Low Lat. adpariculare, to make fit. or equal)

apparel." This was abandoned at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome about the end of the 15th century and is not prescribed in the Missal; it survived, however, in many parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe till much later . This apparel, when the vestment has been adjusted, forms a sort of stiff See also:

• COLLAR

collar which appears above the See also:

• CHASUBLE

chasuble or See also:

• DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)

dalmatic (see fig . 2) . In Redrawn from Braun, Liturgiuhe Gewandung .

some exceptional cases, as at Milan, it has become detached from the amice and is fixed like a collar to the chasuble . The Latin word amictus was applied to any wrap-like garment, and, according to See also:

• FATHER

Father Braun, the liturgical amice originated in the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary neck-cloth worn by all classes of See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans . It had at the outset no liturgical significance whatever, and was simply adopted by the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy for the same See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason that the clergy of the 18th century wore wigs—because it was See also:

• PART

part of the full See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress of ordinary See also:

• LIFE

life . The first See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of its ecclesiastical use is at Rome in the 8th century, when it was worn only with the dalmatic and was known as the anabolagium (anagolaium, anagolagium, from Gr . 1wa(3bXatov), a name it continued to See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear at Rome till the 13th century . In the 9th century it spread to the other countries that adopted the Roman use: it is mentioned in an See also:

• INVENTORY (post-class. Lat. inventarium, a list or repertory, from invenire to find)

inventory of See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments given by See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot See also:

• ANGILBERT (d. 814)

Angilbert (d . 814) to the See also:

• AMICIS, EDMONDO DE (1846-1908)

AMICIS monastery at Centula (St Riguier) and in the de clericorum ins stutione of Hrabanus Maurus (c . 82o) . The amice was worn firms. simply as a shoulder-loth, but at the end of the 9th century the custom See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up of putting it on over the head and of wearing It as a See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood, either while the other vestments were being put on or. according to the various uses of See also:

• LOCAL

local churches, during part of the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass, though never during the See also:

• CANON

canon . This ceased at Rome at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as the apparel disappeared; but two See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of it survive—(t) in the directions of the Missal for putting on the amice, (2) in the ordination of subdeacons, when the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop See also:

• LAYS

lays the vestment on the ordinand's head with the words, " Take the amice, which symbolizes discipline over the See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, &c." The See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest too in putting it on prays, " See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place on my head the See also:

• HELMET (from an obsolete diminutive of O. Fr. helme, mod. heaume; the English word is " helm," as in O. Eng., Dutch and Ger.; all are from the Teutonic base hal-, pre-Teut. kal-, to cover; cf. Lat. celare, to hide, Eng. " hell," &c.)

helmet of salvation, &c." The amice, whatever its origin or symbolism, became specific-ally a vestment associated with the See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice of the Mass, and as such it was rejected with the other " Mass vestments " in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . Its use has, however, been revived in many See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican churches, the favourite See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form being the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval apparelled amice . (See VESTMENTS.) A vestment akin to the amice is also worn in the Armenian and some other See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental churches, but it is unknown to the Orthodox Eastern Church .

Akin to the amice is a vestment pee'uliar to the popes, the fanone (Med . Lat. See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

lane, " cloth," Goth. fana, " cloth," Mod . Ger . Fahne, " a See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag "), also called the orale (from ora, an edge, border) . This is at See also:

• PRESENT

present a circular broad collar of two thicknesses of See also:

• SILK

silk, ornamented with See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold stripes and a gold-embroidered cross (see fig . 3) . It is put on after the alb, &c., and under the See also:

• TUNICLE (Lat. tunicella)

tunicle, dalmatic and chasuble, but then See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up so as to fall over the latter like a collar . The fanone was originally a cloth like the amice and was wrapped round neck and From Braun, LiturgischeGewandung. shoulders; until the 15th FIG . 3.—The Papal Fanone. century, moreover, it was not worn with the amice . Since then, however, both vestments have been worn, one under, the other over, the alb . It is worn by the popes only on certain See also:

• SPECIAL

special days or occasions, and forms part of the vestments in which they are buried . See See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Braun, S .

J., See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die liturgische Gewandung, pp . 21-56 (See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im See also:

• BREISGAU

Breisgau, 1907), and bibliography to the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article VESTMENTS .