See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " See also:

• COMMANDER

commander," from the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root amr, " commanding ")  , a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• COMMON

common in the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . The See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form emir is also commonly employed in See also:

• ENGLISH

English . The word originally signified a military See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, but very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early came to be extended to anyone bearing See also:

• RULE

rule, See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet himself being styled by the See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan See also:

• ARABS

Arabs See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir of See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca . Thus the See also:

• TERM

term gradually came to be applied to any high See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office-See also:

• BEARER

bearer, or to any See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord or See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . The See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph has the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of Anzir ul Omara, " lord of lords . " The title Amir ul Muminim, or " commander of the faithful," now See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey, was first assumed by See also:

• ABU

Abu Bekr, and was taken by most ofthe various dynasties which claimed the See also:

• CALIPHATE

caliphate, including the See also:

• FATIMITES
• FATIMITES, or FATIMIDES

Fatimites, the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish Omayyads and the See also:

• ALMOHADES (properly Muwahhadis, i.e. " Unitarians," the name being corrupted through the Spanish)

Almohades . The See also:

• ALMORAVIDES (properly Murabtis, the name being corrupted through the Spanish)

Almoravides and the Merinides assumed the style of Amir ul Muslimin, " commander of the Mussulmans." The use of the word is, in fact, closely akin to that of the English " lord," sometimes connoting office, as in Amir ulahghal ( See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• FINANCE

finance) under the Almohades (cf . " lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury "), sometimes See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere dignity, as in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the title of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour borne by all descendants of the See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

Prophet, or of the title Mir assumed by men of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in the Far East . Sometimes it implies a temporary office of dignity and command—e.g. the Amir ul-haj, " commander of the See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage " (to Mecca) . Sometimes again it connotes the meaning of " See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign lord," in which sense it was early assumed by the princes of See also:

• SIND

Sind and by the rulers of See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan and See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

Bokhara, the title implying a lesser dignity than that of sultan . Thus too it is very generally applied in the East to the chiefs of See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent or semi-independent tribes . In the See also:

• LEBANON
• LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

Lebanon both the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian clans and the See also:

• DRUSES
• DRUSES, or DRUZES (Arab. Druz)

Druses are ruled by hereditary amirs .