See also:

• AMRITSAR, or UMRITSAR

AMRITSAR, or UMRITSAR  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• LAHORE

Lahore See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab . The city has a station on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Western railway 32 M . E. of Lahore, its position on which has greatly assisted its development . See also:

• AMRITSAR, or UMRITSAR

Amritsar is chiefly notable as the centre of the See also:

• SIKH

Sikh See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion and the site of the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief worshipping See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the Sikhs . See also:

• RAM
• RAM, PIERRE FRANCOIS XAVIER DE (18o4-1865)

Ram Das, the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth guru, laid the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of the city upon a site granted by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• AKBAR, AKHBAR

Akbar . He also excavated the See also:

• HOLY

holy tank from which the See also:

• TOWN

town derives its name of Amrita Turas, or See also:

• POOL

Pool of See also:

• IMMORTALITY (Lat. in-, not, mortalis, mortal, from mors, death)

Immortality . It is upon a small See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of this tank that the Golden Temple is now situated . About two centuries afterwards, in the course of the struggle between the Sikhs and the Mahommedans, Ahmad Shah See also:

• DURANI, or DURRANI

Durani routed the Sikhs at the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• PANIPAT

Panipat, and on his homeward See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march he destroyed the town of Amritsar, blew up the temple with See also:

• GUNPOWDER

gunpowder, filled in the sacred tank with mud, and defiled the holy place by the slaughter of cows . But when Ahmad Shah returned to See also:

• KABUL

Kabul the Sikhs See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose once more and re-established their religion . Finally the city and surrounding district See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell under the sway of Ranjit Singh at Lahore, and passed with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the Punjab into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the British after the second Sikh See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . The Golden Temple is so called on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome, covered with See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• FOIL

foil, which shines brilliantly in the rays of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun, and is reflected back from the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake; but the See also:

• BUILDING

building as a whole is too squat to have much architectural merit apart from its ornamentation . See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

Marble terraces and balustrades surround the tank, and a marble cause-way leads across the See also:

• WATER

water to the temple, whose gilded walls, roof, dome and cupolas, with vivid touches of red curtains, are reflected in the still water .

The temple was considerably enriched by the spoils taken by Ranjit Singh in his conquests . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of Amritsar in 19or was 162,429 . A Sikh See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college for university See also:

• EDUCATION

education was opened in 1887 . The other public buildings include two churches, a town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall and a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . Amritsar is famous for its See also:

• CARPET

carpet-See also:

• WEAVING

weaving See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . It was the first See also:

• MISSION

mission station of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in the Punjab . The district is bounded on the N.W. by the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• RAVI

Ravi, on the S.E. by the river See also:

• BEAS

Beas, on the N.E. by the district of See also:

• GURDASPUR

Gurdaspur, and on the S.W. by the district of Lahore . Amritsar district is a nearly level See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, with a very slight slope from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . The See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Beas are high, and on this See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the district well-water is not found except at 50 ft. below the See also:

• SURFACE

surface; while towards the Ravi See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells are less than 20 ft. in See also:

• DEPTH

depth . The only stream passing through the district is the Kirni or Said, which takes its rise in a See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

marsh in the Gurdaspur district, and after traversing See also:

• PART

part of the district empties itself into the Ravi . Numerous canals intersect the district, affording ample means of See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation . The See also:

• SIND

Sind, Punjab and See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi railway (North Western) and See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

Trunk road, which runs parallel with it, afford the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal means of See also:

• LAND

land communication and See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic .

The See also:

• AREA

area of the district is 16o1 sq. m.; pop . (Igor) 1,023,828, showing an increase of 3 % on the previous See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . It is the headquarters of the Sikh religion, containing 264,329 Sikhs as against 280,985 See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus and 474,976 Mahommedans . The principal crops are See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• PULSE

pulse, See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, See also:

• MILLET (Fr. millet; Ital. miglietto, diminutive of miglio= Lat. mille, a thousand, in allusion to its fertility)
• MILLET (or MILE), JEAN FRANCOIS (c. 1642–1679)
• MILLET, FRANCIS DAVIS (1846- )
• MILLET, JEAN FRANCOIS (1814–1875)

millet, with some See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and See also:

• SUGAR

sugar-See also:

• CANE

cane . There are factories for ginning and pressing cotton .