See also:

• ANCYRA (mod. Angora, q.v.)

ANCYRA (mod. See also:

• ANGORA, or ENGURI

Angora, q.v.)  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• GALATIA

Galatia in See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, situated on a tributary of the Sangarius . Originally a large and prosperous Phrygian city on the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Royal Road, See also:

• ANCYRA (mod. Angora, q.v.)

Ancyra became the centre of the Tectosages, one of the three Gaulish tribes that settled permanently in Galatia about 232 B.C . The See also:

• BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian occupation dislocated See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization, and the See also:

• TOWN

town sank to a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• VILLAGE

village inhabited chiefly by the old native See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population who carried on the arts and crafts of peaceful See also:

• LIFE

life, while the Gauls devoted themselves to See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral life (see GALATIA) . In 189 B.C . Ancyra was occupied by Cn . See also:

• MANLIUS

Manlius Vulso, who made it his headquarters in his operations against the tribe . In 63 B.C . See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey placed it (together with the Tectosagan territory) under one See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, and it continued under native See also:

• RULE

rule till it became the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Galatia in 25 B.C . By this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the population included Greeks, See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans and Romanized Gauls, but the town was not yet Hellenized, though See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek was spoken . See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo (c . A.D . 19) calls it not a city, but a fortress, implying that it had none of the institutions of the Graeco-Roman city .

See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions and coins show that its civilization consisted of a layer of Roman ideas and customs super-imposed on See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic tribal characteristics, and that it is not until c . A.D . 150 that the true Hellenic spirit begins to appear . See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity was introduced (from the N. or N.W.) perhaps as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 1st See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but there is no shred of See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the Ancyran See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church (first mentioned A.D . 192) was founded by St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul or that he ever visited See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Galatia . The real greatness of the town See also:

• DATES

dates from the time when See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople became the See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis of the Roman See also:

• WORLD

world: then its See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical situation raised it to a position of importance which it retained throughout the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . See further See also:

• ANGORA, or ENGURI

ANGORA (I) . The See also:

• MODERN

modern town contains many remains of the Roman and See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine periods . The most important See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument is the Augusteum, a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble erected to " See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus " during the lifetime of that See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor by the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council or See also:

• DIET

diet .of the three Galatian tribes . The temple was afterwards converted into a church, and in the 16th century a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque was built against its S. See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face . On the walls of the temple is engraved the famous Monumentum Ancyranum, a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long inscription in Latin and Greek describing the Res gestae divi See also:

• AUGUSTI, JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM (1772-1841)

Augusti; the Latin portion being inscribed on the inner See also:

• LEFT

left-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of the pronaos, the Greek on the outside wall of the naos (See also:

• CELLA

cella) . The inscription is a See also:

• GRAVE

grave and majestic narrative of the public life and See also:

• WORK

work of Augustus .

The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original was written by the emperor in his 76th See also:

• YEAR

year (A.D . 13-14) to be engraved on two See also:

• BRONZE

bronze tablets placed in front of his See also:

• MAUSOLEUM

mausoleum in Rome, and as a See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of respect to his memory a copy was inscribed on the temple walls by the council of the See also:

• GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Galatians . Thus has been preserved an absolutely unique See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical document of See also:

• GREAT

great importance, recounting (I) the numerous public offices and honours conferred on him, (2) his various benefactions to the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, to the See also:

• PLEBS (from the root seen in Lat. plenus, full; cf. Gr. 7rXit9os)

plebs and to his soldiers, and (3) his military and administrative services to the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire .