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JOHN ALBION ANDREW (1818-1867)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 973 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:ALBION See also:ANDREW (1818-1867)  , See also:American See also:political See also:leader, " See also:war See also:governor " of See also:Massachusetts, was See also:born at See also:Wind-See also:ham, See also:Maine, on the 31st of May 1818 . He graduated at See also:Bowdoin See also:College in 1837, studied See also:law in See also:Boston, was admitted to the See also:Suffolk See also:bar in 184o, and practised his profession in Boston . He also took a deep See also:interest in religious matters, was a prominent member of the See also:Church of the Disciples (Unitarian; founded in Boston by the Rev . See also:James See also:Freeman See also:Clarke), and was assistant editor for some See also:time of The See also:Christian See also:World, a weekly religious See also:paper . With ardent See also:anti-See also:slavery principles, he entered political See also:life as a " See also:Young Whig " opposed to the Mexican War; he became an active See also:Free-Soiler in 1848, and in 1854 took See also:part in the organization in Massachusetts of the new Republican party . He served one See also:term, in 1858, in the See also:state See also:House of Representatives, and in 1859 declined an See also:appointment to a seat on the See also:bench of the state supreme See also:court . In this See also:year he took such an active part in raising funds to defend See also:John See also:Brown, then on trial in See also:Virginia, that he aroused the suspicions of a senatorial See also:committee investigating Brown's See also:raid, and was summoned to See also:Washington to tell what he knew of the affair . In 186o he was chairman of the Massachusetts delegation to the Republican See also:national See also:convention at See also:Chicago, which nominated See also:Lincoln for the See also:presidency; and from 1861 to See also:January 1866, throughout the trying See also:period of the See also:Civil War, he was governor of Massachusetts, becoming known as one of the ablest, most patriotic and most energetic of the remarkable See also:group of "war See also:governors" in the See also:North . Immediately after his inauguration he began filling the See also:militia regiments with young men ready for active service, saw that they were well drilled and supplied them with See also:good See also:modern rifles . As a result, Massachusetts was the only See also:northern state in any way prepared for war when the Confederates fired on Fort See also:Sumter; and her troops began to See also:muster in Boston on the 16th of See also:April, the very See also:day after See also:President Lincoln's See also:call for See also:volunteers . On the next day the See also:Sixth Massachusetts Volunfeer See also:Infantry started See also:south for the See also:defence of Washington, and was the first fully armed and equipped volunteer See also:regiment to reach the See also:capital . Within six days after the call, nearly four thousand Massachusetts volunteers had departed for Washington .

In 1863, at Governor See also:

Andrew's own See also:request, the secretary of war authorized him to raise several regiments of See also:negro troops, with See also:white commissioned See also:officers, and the Fifty-See also:fourth Massachusetts Infantry was the first regiment of free negroes raised in the North . Governor Andrew's example was quickly followed in See also:ANDREWES 973 other states, and before the end of the year 36,000 negroes had been enrolled in the See also:Union armies . When the war See also:department ruled that thenegro troops were entitled to pay only as "labourers " and not as soldiers, Governor Andrew used all his See also:influence with the president and the secretary of war to secure for them the same pay as white troops, and was finally successful . Notwithstanding his loyal support of the See also:administration during the struggle, he did not fully approve of its conduct of the war, which he deemed shifting and timid; and it was with See also:great reluctance that he sup-ported Lincoln in 1864 for a second term . In 1865 he rejected the more See also:radical views of his party as to the treatment to be accorded to the See also:late Confederate states, opposed the immediate and unconditional enfranchisement of freedmen, and, though not accepting President See also:Johnson's views in their entirety, he urged the See also:people of Massachusetts to give the new president their support . On retiring from the governor's See also:office he declined the presidency of See also:Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, See also:Ohio, and various positions in the service of the Federal See also:government, and resumed the practice of law, at once achieving great success . In 1865 he presided at the first national convention of ths' Unitarian Church . He died suddenly of See also:apoplexy, at Boston, on the 3oth of See also:October 1867 . See See also:Henry G . See also:Pearson's Life of John A . Andrew (2 vols., Boston and New See also:York, 1904) .

End of Article: JOHN ALBION ANDREW (1818-1867)
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