ANDRONICUS I  . (See also:

• COMNENUS

COMNENUS), See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, son of See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac, and See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Alexius I . Comnenus, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about the beginning of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He was endowed by nature with the most remarkable gifts both of mind and See also:

• BODY

body . He was handsome and eloquent, but licentious; and at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time active, See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy, courageous, a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and an able politician . His See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years were spent in alternate See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure andmilitaryservice . In 1141 he was taken See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive by the See also:

• TURKS

Turks (See also:

• SELJUKS

Seljuks) and remained in their hands for a See also:

• YEAR

year . On being ransomed he went to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople,where was held the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin,the emperor See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel, with whom he was a great favourite . Here the charms of his niece, the princess Eudoxia, attracted him . She became his See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress, while her See also:

• SISTER

sister See also:

• THEODORA
• THEODORA (d. 1057)

Theodora stood in a similar relation to the emperor Manuel . In 1152, accompanied by Eudoxia, he set out for an important command in See also:

• CILICIA

Cilicia . Failing in his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal enterprise, an attack upon Mopsuestia, he returned, but was again appointed to the command of a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province .

This second See also:

• POST

post he seems also to have See also:

• LEFT

left after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• INTERVAL

interval, for he appeared again in Constantinople, and narrowly escaped See also:

• DEATH

death at the hands of the See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers of Eudoxia . About this time (1153) a See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy against the emperor, in which Andronicus participated, was discovered and he was thrown into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . There he remained for about twelve years, during which time he made repeated but unsuccessful attempts to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape . At last, in 1165, he was successful; and, after passing through many dangers, reached the court of Yaroslav, See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, at See also:

• KIEV
• KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

Kiev . While under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the grand prince, Andronicus brought about an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance between him and the emperor Manuel, and so restored himself to the emperor's favour . With a See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army he joined Manuel in the invasion of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and assisted at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• SEMLIN (Hungarian, Zimony; Servian, Zemun)

Semlin . After a successful See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign they re-turned together to Constantinople (1168); but a year after, Andronicus refused to take the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to the prince of Hungary, whom Manuel desired to become his successor . He was removed from court, but received the province of Cilicia . Being still under the displeasure of the emperor, Andronicus fled to the court of See also:

• RAYMUND

Raymund, prince of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch . While residing here he captivated and seduced the beautiful daughter of the prince, Philippa, sister of the empress Maria . The anger of the emperor was again roused by this dishonour, and Andronicus was compelled to See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly . He took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge with See also:

• AMALRIC
• AMALRIC (Fr. AMAURY) OF BENA (d. c. 1204-1207)

Amalric, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, whose favour he gained, and who invested him with the See also:

• TOWN

town of Berytus, now See also:

• BEIRUT

Beirut .

In Jerusalem he saw Theodora, the beautiful widow of the See also:

• LATE

late king See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin and niece of the emperor Manuel . Although Andronicus was at that time fifty-six years old, See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age had not diminished his charms, and Theodora became the next victim of his artful See also:

• SEDUCTION (from Lat. seducere, to lead astray)

seduction . To avoid the vengeance of the emperor, she fled with him to the court of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus; but not deeming themselves safe there, they continued their perilous See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey through See also:

• PERSIA

Persia and See also:

• TURKESTAN
• TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

Turkestan,See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea and across See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• CAUCASUS

Caucasus, until at length they settled among the Turks on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of See also:

• TREBIZOND (Gr. Trapezus)

Trebizond . Into that province Andronicus, with a body of adventurers, made frequent and successful incursions . While he was absent upon one of them, his See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle was surprised by the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Trebizond, and Theodora with her two See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children were captured and sent to Constantinople . To obtain their See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release Andronicus made abject submission to the emperor; and, appearing in chains before him, implored See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon . This he obtained, and was allowed to retire with Theodora into banishment in the little town of Oenoe, on the shores of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Sea . In 1180 the emperor Manuel died, and was succeeded by his son Alexius II., who was under the guardianship of the empress Maria . Her conduct excited popular indignation; and the consequent disorders, amounting almost to See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, gave an opportunity to the ambition of Andronicus . He left his retirement, secured the support of the army and marched upon Constantinople, where his See also:

• ADVENT (Lat. Adventus, sc. Redemptoris, " the coming of the Saviour ")

advent was stained by a cruel See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of the Latin inhabitants . Alexius was compelled to acknowledge him as colleague in the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, but was soon put to death . Andronicus, now (1183) See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole emperor, married See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes, widow of Alexius II., a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child eleven years of age .

His short reign was characterized by strong and See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise See also:

• MEASURES

measures . He resolved to suppress many abuses, but, above all things, to check See also:

• FEUDALISM
• FEUDALISM (from Late Lat. feodum or feudum, a fee or fiel; see FEE)

feudalism and limit the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the nobles . The See also:

• PEOPLE

people, who See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt the severity of his See also:

• LAWS

laws, at the same time acknowledged their See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, and found .themselves protected from the rapacity of their superiors . The aristocrats, however, were infuriated against him, and summoned to their aid See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily . This prince landed in See also:

• EPIRUS, or EPEIRUS

Epirus with a strong force, and marched as far as Thessalonica, which he took and destroyed; but he was shortly afterwards defeated, and compelled to return to Sicily . Andronicus seems then to have resolved to exterminate the See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy, and his plans were nearly crowned with success . But in 1185, during his See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, his See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant ordered the See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest and See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of Isaac See also:

• ANGELUS

Angelus, a descendant of the first Alexius . Isaac escaped and took refuge in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia . He appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . When Andronicus arrived he found that his power was overthrown, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor . Isaac delivered him over to his enemies, and for three days he was exposed to their fury and resentment . At last they hung him up by the feet between two pillars .

His dying agonies were shortened by an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian soldier, who mercifully plunged a See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword into his body . He died on the 12th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1185 .