ANGKOR  , an assemblage of ruins in See also:

• CAMBODIA

Cambodia, the relic of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Khmer See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization . They are situated in forests to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake (Tonle-See also:

• SAP

Sap), the most conspicuous See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

ANGLE of the remains being the See also:

• TOWN

town of Angkor-Thom and the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Angkor-Vat, both of which See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river Siem-Reap, a tributary of Tonle-Sap . Other remains of the same See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form and See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character lie scattered about the vicinity on both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the river, which is crossed by an ancient See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge . Angkor-Thom lies about a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of a mile from the river . According to Aymonier it was begun about A . D . 86o, in the reign of the Khmer See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign Jayavarman III., and finished towards A.D . 900 . It consists of a rectangular enclosure, nearly 2 M. in each direction, surrounded .by a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall from 20 to 30 ft. in height . Within the enclosure, which is entered by five monumental See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, are the remains of palaces and temples, overgrown by the See also:

• FOREST

forest . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of these are: (1) The vestiges of the royal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, which stood within an enclosure containing also the pyramidal religious structure known as the Phimeanakas . To the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of this enclosure there extends a See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace decorated with magnificent reliefs .

(2) The temple of Bayon, a square enclosure formed by galleries with colonnades, within which is another and more elaborate See also:

• SYSTEM

system of galleries, rectangular in arrangement and enclosing a cruciform structure, at the centre of which rises a huge See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower with a circular See also:

• BASE

base . Fifty towers, decorated with quadruple faces of Brahma, are built at intervals upon the galleries, the whole temple ranking as perhaps the most remarkable of the Khmer remains . Angkor-Vat, the best preserved example of Khmer See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, lies less than a mile to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the royal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, within a rectangular See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park surrounded by a See also:

• MOAT

moat, the See also:

• OUTER

outer perimeter of which See also:

• MEASURES

measures 6o6o yds . On the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the park a paved See also:

• CAUSEWAY

causeway, leading over the moat and under a magnificent See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico, extends for a distance of a quarter of a mile to the chief entrance of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BUILDING

building . The temple was originally devoted to the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of Brahma, but afterwards to that of See also:

• BUDDHA

Buddha; its construction is assigned by Aymonier to the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D . It consists of three stages, connected by numerous exterior staircases and decreasing in dimensions as they rise, culminating in the See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary, a great central tower pyramidal in form . Towers also surmount the angles of the terraces of the two upper stages . Three galleries with vaulting supported on columns See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead from the three western portals to the second See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . They are connected by a transverse See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery, thus forming four square basins . Khmer decoration, profuse but harmonious, consists chiefly in the See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of gods, men and animals, which are displayed on every See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• SURFACE

surface . Combats and legendary episodes are often depicted; floral decoration is reserved chiefly for See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders, See also:

• MOULDINGS

mouldings and capitals . See also:

• SANDSTONE

Sandstone of various See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours was the chief material employed by the Khmers; See also:

• LIMONITE, or BROWN IRON ORE

limonite was also used .

The stone was cut into huge blocks which are fitted together with great accuracy without the use of See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement . See E . Aymonier, Le Cambodge (3 vols., 1900–1904) ; Doudart de Lagree, Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine (1872–1873); A . H . Mouhot, Travels in Indo-See also:

• CHINA

China, Cambodia and See also:

• LAOS

Laos (2 vets., 1864) ; Fournereau and Porcher, See also:

• LES

Les Ravines d'Angkor (189o) ; L . Delaporte, Voyage an Cambodge: l'architecture Khmer (188o); J . Moura, Le Royaume de Cambodge (2 vols., 1883) .