See also:

• ANGORA, or ENGURI

ANGORA, or ENGURI  . (1) A See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey (anc . See also:

• ANCYRA (mod. Angora, q.v.)

Ancyra) in See also:

• ASIA

Asia, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the vilayet of the same name, situated upon a steep, rocky See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill, which rises 500 ft. above the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakaria(Sangarius), about 220 M . E.S.E. of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople . The hill is crowned by the ruins of the old citadel, which add to the picturesqueness of the view; but the See also:

• TOWN

town is not well built, its streets being narrow and many of its houses constructed of See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-dried mud bricks; there are, however, many See also:

• FINE

fine remains of Graeco-See also:

• ROMAN

Roman and See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, the most remarkable being the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, on the walls of which is the famous Monumentum Ancyranum (see ANCYRA) . Ancyra was the centre of the Tectosages, one of the three Gaulish tribes which settled in See also:

• GALATIA

Galatia in the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C., and became the capital of the Roman See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Galatia when it was formally constituted in 25 B.C . During the Byzantine See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, throughout which it occupied a position of See also:

• GREAT

great importance, it was captured by Persians and See also:

• ARABS

Arabs; then it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the Seljuk See also:

• TURKS

Turks, was held for eighteen years by the Latin Crusaders, and finally passed to the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman Turks in 136o . In 1402 a great See also:

• BATTLE

battle was fought in the vicinity of See also:

• ANGORA, or ENGURI

Angora, in which the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan Bayezid was defeated and made prisoner by the Tatar conqueror Timur . In 1415 it was recovered by the Turks under Mahommed I., and since that period has belonged to the Ottoman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . In 1832 it was taken by the Egyptians under See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim See also:

• PASHA

Pasha . Angora is connected with Constantinople by railway, and exports See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, See also:

• MOHAIR

mohair, See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and yellow berries . Mohair See also:

• CLOTH

cloth is manufactured, and the town is noted for its See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit .

From 1639 to 1768 there was an agency of the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant See also:

• COMPANY

Company here; there is now a See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul . Pop. estimated at 28,000 (Moslems,18,000; Christians, largely Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Armenians, about 9400; See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, 400) . (2) A Turkish vilayet in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-central Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, which includes most of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Galatia . It is an agricultural See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, depending for its prosperity on its grain, wool (See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• ANNUAL

annual export, 4,400,000 ib), and the mohair obtained from the beautiful Angora goats (average annual clip, 3,300,000 ib) . The fineness of the See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in the See also:

• ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

atmosphere, for it is remarkable that the See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats, See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs and other animals of the country are to a certain extent affected in the same way, and that they all lose much of their distinctive beauty when taken from their native districts . The only important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is See also:

• CARPET

carpet-See also:

• WEAVING

weaving at Kir-sheher and Kaisarfeh . There are mines of See also:

• SILVER

silver, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

• LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite and See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt, and many hot springs, including some of great repute medicinally . Average annual exports 1896-1898, £920,762; imports, £411,836 . Pop. about 900,000 (Moslems, 765,000 to 800,000, the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest being Christians, with a few See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred Jews) . (J . G . C .

A.) See C . See also:

• RITTER, HEINRICH (1791-1869)
• RITTER, KARL (1779–1859)

Ritter, Erdkunde von Asien (vol. xviii., 1837—1839) ; V . Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie, t. i . (1891); See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray's Handbook to Asia Minor (1895); and other See also:

• WORKS

works mentioned under ANCYRA .