See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a See also:

• YEAR

year)  , a concise See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record in which events are arranged chronologically, See also:

• YEAR

year by year . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• SOURCES

sources of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information in regard to the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome are two passages in See also:

• CICERO

Cicero (De Oratore, ii . 12 . 52) and in Servius (ad Aen. i . 373) which have been the subject of much discussion . Cicero states that from the earliest See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period down to the pontificate of Publius Mucius See also:

• SCAEVOLA

Scaevola (c . 131 B.C.), it was usual for the See also:

• PONTIFEX

pontifex See also:

• MAXIMUS
• MAXIMUS, ST (c. 58o-662)

maximus to record on a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white tablet (See also:

• ALBUM (Lat. albus, white)

album), which was exhibited in an open See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at his See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, so that the See also:

• PEOPLE

people might read it, first, the name of the consuls and other magistrates, and then the noteworthy events that had occurred during the year (per singulos See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

dies, as Servius says) . These records were called in Cicero's See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the Annales Maximi . After the pontificate of Publius, the practice of compiling annals was carried on by various unofficial writers, of whom Cicero names See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato, Pictor and See also:

• PISO

Piso . The Annales have been generally regarded as the same with the See also:

• COMMENTARII (Lat. = Gr. broµvijµara)

Commentarii Pontifccum cited by See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy, but there seems See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to believe that the two were distinct, the Commentarii being See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

fuller and more circumstantial . The nature of the distinction between annals and See also:

• HISTORY

history is a subject that has received more See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention from critics than its See also:

• INTRINSIC (through Fr. intrinsique, from Lat. intrinsecus, inwardly; inter, within, secus, following, from root of sequi, to follow)

intrinsic importance deserves . The basis of discussion is furnished chiefly by the above-quoted passage from Cicero, and by the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• WORK

work of See also:

• TACITUS, CORNELIUS (c. 55-120)
• TACITUS, MARCUS CLAUDIUS

Tacitus into Annales and Historiae .

Aulus See also:

• GELLIUS, AULUS (c. A.D. 13o-I8o)

Gellius, in the Noctes Atticae (v . 18), quotes the grammarian Verrius See also:

• FLACCUS

Flaccus, to the effect that history, according to its See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology (ioropeiv, inspicere, to inquire in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person), is a record of events that have come under the author's own observation. while annals are a record of the events of earlier times arranged according to years . This view of the distinction seems to be See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne out by the division of the work of Tacitus into the Historiae, See also:

• RELATING

relating the events of his own time, and the Annales, containing the history of earlier periods . It is more than questionable, however, whether Tacitus himself divided his work under these titles . The See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability is, either that he called the whole Annales, or that he used neither designation . (See TACITUS, See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

CORNELIUS.) In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, when the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the liturgical feasts was partly determined by the date of See also:

• EASTER

Easter, the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early established in the Western See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of See also:

• DRAWING

drawing up tables to indicate that date for a certain number of years or even centuries . These See also:

• PASCHAL (Paschalis)

Paschal tables were thin books in which each See also:

• ANNUAL

annual date was separated from the next by a more or less considerable See also:

• BLANK (from the Fr. blanc, white)

blank space . In these spaces certain monks briefly noted the important events of the year . It was at the end of the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and among the Anglo-See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons that the compiling of these Annals was first begun . Introduced by missionaries on the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent, they were re-copied, augmented and continued, especially in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• AUSTRASIA

Austrasia . In the 9th century, during the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement termed the Carolingian See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance, these Annals became the usual See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of contemporary history; it suffices to mention the Annales Einhardi, the Annales Laureshamenses (or " of Lorsch "), and the Annales S . Bertini, officially compiled in order to preserve the memory of the more interesting acts of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, his ancestors and his successors .

Arrived at this See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of development, the Annals now began to lose their See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and henceforward became more and more indistinguishable from the See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles . In See also:

• MODERN

modern literature the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title annals has been given to a large number of See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• WORKS

works which adhere more or less strictly to the order of years . The best known are the Annales Ecclesiastici, written by See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607)

Baronius as a rejoinder to and refutation of the Historia ecclesiastica or " Centuries " of the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant theologians of See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg (12 vols., published at Rome from 1788 to 1793; Baronius's work stops at the year 1197) . In the 19th century the annalistic form was once more employed, either to preserve year by year the memory of passing events (Annual See also:

• REGISTER

Register, Annuaire de la Revue See also:

• DES

des deux mondes, &c.) or in See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing the history of obscure See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval periods (Jahrbiicher der deutschen Geschichte, Jahrbucher des deutschen Reiches, See also:

• RICHTER, ADRIAN LUDWIG (1803-1884)
• RICHTER, ERNST FRIEDRICH EDUARD (1808–1879)
• RICHTER, EUGEN (1839–1906)
• RICHTER, HANS (1843– )
• RICHTER, JEREMIAS BENJAMIN (1762–1807)
• RICHTER, JOHANN PAUL FRIEDRICH (1763–1825)

Richter's Reichsannalen, &c.) . (C .