See also:

• ANNATES (Lat. annatae, from annus, " year ")

ANNATES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. annatae, from annus, " See also:

• YEAR

year ")  , also known as " first-fruits " (See also:

• LAT

Lat. primitiae), in the strictest sense of the word, the whole of the first See also:

• YEAR

year's profits of a spiritual See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice which, in all countries of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman obedience, were formerly paid into the papal See also:

• TREASURY

treasury . This See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom was only of See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual growth . The See also:

• JUS

jus deportuum, annalia or annatae, was originally the right of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop to claim the first year's profits of the living from a newly inducted See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent, of which the first mention is found under See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• HONORIUS
• HONORIUS, FLAVIUS (384-423)

Honorius (d . 1227), but which had its origin in a custom, dating from the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, by which those ordained to ecclesiastical offices paid a See also:

• FEE

fee or tax to the ordaining bishop . The earliest records show the annata to have been, sometimes a See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege conceded to the bishop for a See also:

• TERM

term of years, sometimes a right based on immemorial precedent . Incourse of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the popes, under stress of See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial crises, claimed the privilege for themselves, though at first only temporarily . Thus, in 1305, See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement V. claimed the first-fruits of all vacant benefices in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England. and in 1319 See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John XXII. those of all Christendom vacated within the next two years . In those cases the rights of the bishops were frankly usurped by the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See, now regarded as the ultimate source of the episcopal See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction; the more usual custom' was for the pope to claim the first-fruits only of those benefices of which he had reserved the patronage to himself . It was from these claims that the papal See also:

• ANNATES (Lat. annatae, from annus, " year ")

annates, in the strict sense, in course of time See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . These annates may be divided broadly into three classes, though the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief features are See also:

• COMMON

common to all: (I) the servitia communia or servitia Camerae Papae, i.e. the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment into the papal treasury by every See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot and bishop, on his See also:

• INDUCTION (from Lat. inducere, to lead into; cf. Gr. ilrayu yli)

induction, at one year's See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue of his new benefice . The servitia communia are traceable to the oblatio paid to the pope when consecrating bishops as See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan or See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch . When, in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 13th century, the See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration of bishops became established as the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole right of the pope, the oblations of all bishops of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West were received by him and, by the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 14th century, these became fixed at one year's revenue.' A small additional payment, as a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of notarial fee,,,was added (servitia minuta) .

(2) The jus deportuum, fructus medii temporis, or annalia, i.e. the annates due to the bishop, but in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of " reserved " benefices paid by him to the Holy See . (3) The quindennia, i.e. annates payable, under a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull of See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul II . (1469), by benefices attached to a See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation, every fifteen years and not at every presentation . The See also:

• SYSTEM

system of annates was ,at no time worked with See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute uniformity and completeness throughout the various parts of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church owning obedience to the Holy See, and it was never willingly submitted to by the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . Disagreements and disputes were continual, and the easy expedient of rewarding the officials of the See also:

• CURIA

Curia and increasing the papal revenue by " re-serving " more and more benefices was met by repeated protests, such as that of the bishops and barons of England (the chief sufferers), headed by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Grossetesteof See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln, at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons in 1245.2 The subject, indeed, frequently became one of See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• INTEREST

interest, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the alarming amount of specie which was thus drained away, and hence numerous enactments exist in regard to it by the various national governments . In England the collection and payment of annates to the pope was prohibited in 1531 by See also:

• STATUTE

statute . At that time the sum amounted to about £3000 a year . In 1534 the annates were, along with the supremacy over the church in England, bestowed on the See also:

• CROWN

crown; but in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1704 they were appropriated by See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne to the assistance of the poorer clergy, and thus See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form what has since been known as " Queen Anne's See also:

• BOUNTY (through O. Fr. bontet, from Lat. bonitas, goodness)

Bounty " (q.v) . The amount to be paid was originally regulated by a valuation made under the direction of Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent IV. by See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter, bishop of See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich, in 1254, later by one instituted under See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission from See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas III, in 1292, which in turn was superseded in 1535 by the valuation, made by commissioners appointed by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII., known as the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's Books, which was confirmed on the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth and is still that by which the clergy are rated . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in spite of royal edicts—like those of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI., Charles VII., See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI., and Henry II.—and even denunciations of the See also:

• SORBONNE

Sorbonne, at least the custom of paying the servitia communia held its ground.till the famous See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of the 4th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August during the Revolution of 1789 . In See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany it was decided by the See also:

• CONCORDAT (Lat. concordatum, agreed upon, from con-, together, and cor, heart)

concordat of See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance, in 1418, that bishoprics and abbacies should pay the servitia according to the valuation of the Roman See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery in two See also:

• HALF

half-yearly instalments . Those reserved benefices only were to pay the annalia which were rated above twenty-four See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold florins; and as none were so rated, whatever their See also:

• ANNUAL

annual value may have been, the annalia See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into disuse .

A ' For cases see du Cange, Glossarium, s . Servitium Camerae Papae; J . C . L . See also:

• GIESELER, JOHANN KARL LUDWIG (1792–1854)

Gieseler, See also:

• ECCLES

Eccles . Hist., vol. div. iii., notes to p . 181, &c . (Eng. trans., See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1853) . 2 Durandus (See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

Guillaume See also:

• DURAND, ASHER BROWN (1796-1886)
• DURAND, GUILLAUME (d. 1334)
• DURAND, GUILLAUME (GUILLELMUS DURANDUS)

Durand), in his de modo generalis concilii celebrandi, represents contemporary clerical hostile See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion and attacks the corruptions of the officials of the Curia . similar convenient fiction also led to their See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• ABROGATION (Lat. abrogare, to repeal or annul a law; rogare, literally " to ask," to propose a law)

abrogation in France, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium . The council of See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel (1431—1443) wished to abolish the servitia, but the concordat of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna (1448) confirmed the Constance decision, which, in spite of the efforts of the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• EMS

Ems (1786) to alter it, still remains nominally in force . As a See also:

• MATTER

matter of fact, however, the revolution caused by the secularization of the ecclesiastical states in 1803 practically put an end to the system, and the servitia have either been commuted via gratiae to a moderate fixed sum under particular concordats, or are the subject of See also:

• SEPARATE

separate negotiation with each bishop on his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment .

In See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, where the bishops receive salaries as See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state officials, the payment is made by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . In See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland annat or See also:

• ANN

ann is half a year's See also:

• STIPEND

stipend allowed by the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act 1672, C . 13, to the executors of a See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the Church of Scotland above what was due to him at the time of his See also:

• DEATH

death . This is neither assignable by the clergyman during his See also:

• LIFE

life, nor can it be seized by his creditors .