See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

ANNE OF See also:

• BRITTANY

BRITTANY (1477-1514)  , daughter of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis II., See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, and See also:

• MARGUERITE

Marguerite de See also:

• FOIX

Foix . She was scarcely twelve years old when she succeeded her See also:

• FATHER

father as duchess on the 9th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1488 . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VIII. aimed at establishing his authority over her; Alain d'See also:

• ALBRET

Albret wished to marry her; See also:

• JEAN

Jean de See also:

• ROHAN
• ROHAN, HENRI
• ROHAN, LOUIS RENE EDOUARD, CARDINAL DE (1734-1803)

Rohan claimed the duchy; and her See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian, the See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal de Rieux, was soon in open revolt against his See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . In 1489 the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army invaded Brittany . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to protect her See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence,' See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne concluded an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, and soon married him by See also:

• PROXY (short for " procuracy ")

proxy (See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1489) . But Maximilian was incapable of defending her, and in 1491 the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young duchess found herself compelled to treat with Charles VIII. and to marry him . The two sovereigns made a reciprocal arrangement as to their rights and pretensions to the See also:

• CROWN

crown of Brittany, but in the event of Charles predeceasing her, Anne undertook to marry the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the See also:

• THRONE

throne . Nevertheless, in 1492, after the See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy of Jean de Rohan, who had endeavoured to See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand over the duchy to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, Charles VIII. confirmed the privileges of Brittany, and in particular guaranteed to the Bretons the right of paying only those taxes to which the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of estates consented, After the See also:

• DEATH

death of Charles VIII. in 1498, without any, See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, Anne exercised the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty in Brittany, and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1499 she married See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XlL, who had just repudiated See also:

• JOAN

Joan of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . The See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract was ostensibly directed in favour of the independence of Brittany, for it declared that Brittany should revert to the second son or to the eldest daughter of the two sovereigns, and, failing issue, to the natural heirs of the duchess . Until her death Anne occupied herself personally with the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the duchy . In 1504 she caused the treaty of See also:

• BLOIS

Blois to be concluded, which assured the hand of her daughter, See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude of France, to Charles of Austria (the future See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, CharlesV.), and promised him the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Brittany,See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Blois . But this unpopular treaty was broken, and the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen had to consent to the See also:

• BETROTHAL (A.S. treowth, " truth ")

betrothal of Claude to Francis-ANNE OF See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

DENMARK 69 of See also:

• ANGOULEME
• ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650)

Angouleme, who in 1515 became king of France as Francis I .

Thus the definitive See also:

• REUNION

reunion of Brittany and France was prepared . See A. de la Borderie, Choix de documents inidits sur le regne de la duchesse Anne en Bretagne (See also:

• RENNES

Rennes, 1866 and 1902)—extracts from the Memoires de la Societe Archiologigue du departement d'Ille-et-Vilaine, vols. iv. and vi . (1866 and 1868) ; See also:

• LEROUX, PIERRE (1798-1871)

Leroux de Lincy, See also:

• VIE

Vie de la reineAnne de Bretagne (186o–1861); A . See also:

• DUPUY, CHARLES ALEXANDRE (1851– )
• DUPUY, PIERRE (1582-1651)

Dupuy, La Reunion de la Bretagne d la France (188o) ; A. de la Borderie, La Bretagne aux derniers slides du moyen dge (1893), and La Bretagne aux temps modernes (1894) . (H .