See also:

• ANNONA (from Lat. annul, year)

ANNONA (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. annul, See also:

• YEAR

year)  , in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, the personification of the produce of the See also:

• YEAR

year . She is represented in See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• ART

art, often together with See also:

• CERES

Ceres, with a cornucopia (See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn of plenty) in her See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm, and a See also:

• SHIP

ship's See also:

• PROW

prow in the back-ground, indicating the transport of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain over the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . She frequently occurs on coins of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, See also:

• STANDING

standing between a modius (See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn-rheasure) and the prow of a See also:

• GALLEY (derived through the 0. Fr. galee, galie, from the Med. Lat. galea, Ital. galea, Port. gale, of uncertain origin; from the Med. Lat. variant form galera are derived the Mod. Fr. galere, Span. and Ital. galera)

galley, with ears of corn in one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and a cornucopia in the other; sometimes she holds a See also:

• RUDDER (O.E. Rather, i.e. rower)

rudder or an See also:

• ANCHOR (from the Greek ayrcvpa, which Vossius considers is from 6yi17 , a crook or hook)

anchor . The Latin word itself has various meanings: (1) the produce of the year's See also:

• HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest; (2) all means of subsistence, especially grain stored in the public See also:

• GRANARIES

granaries for provisioning the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city; (3) the See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price of commodities, especially corn; (4) a See also:

• DIRECT

direct tax in See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, levied in republican times in several provinces, chiefly employed in imperial times for See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution amongst officials and the support of the soldiery . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to ensure a See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of corn sufficient to enable it to be sold at a very See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low price, it was procured in large, quantities from See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria, See also:

• ETRURIA

Etruria and See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily . Almost down to the times of the empire, the care of the corn-supply formed See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• AEDILE (Lat. aedilis)

aedile's duties, although in 440 B.C . (if the statement in See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy iv . 12, 13 is correct, which is doubtful) the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate appointed a See also:

• SPECIAL

special officer, called praefectus annonae, with greatly extended See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . As a consequence of the second Punic See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, Roman See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture was at a standstill; accordingly, recourse was had to Sicily and See also:

• SARDINIA (Gr. 'IXs'o"uva, from a fancied resemblance to a footprint in its shape, Ital. Sardegna)

Sardinia (the first two Roman provinces) in order to keep up the supply of corn; a tax of one-tenth was imposed on it, and its export to any See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country except See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy forbidden . The price at which the corn was sold was always moderate; the corn See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of See also:

• GRACCHUS

Gracchus (123 B.C.) made it absurdly low, and See also:

• CLODIUS

Clodius (58 B.C.) bestowed it gratuitously . The number of the recipients of this See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew so enormously, that both See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar and See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus were obliged to reduce it . From the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Augustus to the end of the empire the number of those who were entitled to receive a monthly See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance of corn on presenting a See also:

• TICKET (O. Fr. esliquet, also estiquette, mod. etiquette, from Ger. sleeken, to stick up)

ticket was 200,000 .

In the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, See also:

• BREAD

bread formed the See also:

• DOLE
• DOLE (from Old Eng. dal, cf. mod. " deal ")

dole . A praefectus annonae was appointed by Augustus to superintend the corn-supply; he was assisted by a large See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and the provinces, and had See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction in all matters conrected with the corn-market . The See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office lasted till the latest times of the empire .