ANTARCTIC  REGION See also:

• HISTORY

History of Antarctic Exploration.—Although the Antarctic region was not reached by the first explorer until the See also:

• ARCTIC (Gr. "ApKroc, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

Arctic region had been for centuries a resort of adventurers in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of the route to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of Lae "See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• LAND

Land . " the south polar region was really the more See also:

• DIRECT

direct outcome of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main stream of See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical exploration . It was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early understood by the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek geographers that the known See also:

• WORLD

world covered only a small portion of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern hemisphere and that the whole See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern hemisphere awaited exploration, with its torrid, temperate and frigid zones repeating the See also:

• CLIMATIC

climatic regions See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar in the northern hemisphere, the habitable land of the south temperate See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone being separated from the known world by the practically impassable See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt of the torrid zone . During the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the sphericity of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth came to be viewed as contrary to Scripture and was generally discredited, and it was not until See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry the Navigator began in 1418 to encourage the penetration of the torrid zone in the effort to reach See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India by circumnavigating See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa that the exploration of the southern hemisphere began . The doubling of the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope in 1487 by See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew See also:

• DIAZ, NARCISSE VIRGILIO (18(38-1876)
• DIAZ, PORFIRIO (183o– )

Diaz first brought explorers within See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch ever died a harder See also:

• DEATH

death . It is not to the purpose here to describe of the Antarctic See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold, and proved that the ocean separated Africa in detail how Schouten and Le Maire rediscovered the southern from any Antarctic land that might exist . The passage of extremity of Tierra del Fuego and named Cape See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn in 1615, See also:

• MAGELLAN, FERDINAND (in Sp. FERNANDO MAGALLANES, in Port. FERNAO DE MAGALHAES) (c. 1480-152I)

Magellan's Strait in 1520 showed that See also:

• AMERICA

America and See also:

• ASIA

Asia also how Quiros in 1606 took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession for the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain of all the were separated from the Antarctic See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent, which was then lands he had discovered in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia del Espiritu Santo (the New believed to extend from Tierra del Fuego southward . The See also:

• HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

Hebrides) and those he would discover " even to the See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole," or -doubling of Cape Horn by See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

Drake in 1578 proved that the Tierra how See also:

• TASMAN, ABEL JANSZOON (c. 1603-1659)

Tasman in 1642 showed that New See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland (Australia) was del Fuego See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

archipelago was of small extent and that any continent separated by See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea from any continuous southern continent . which See also:

• LAY

lay to the south must be within the region of perpetual See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter . Before this, however, vague reports of land to the south of the See also:

• MALAY

Malay archipelago had led See also:

• EUROPEAN

European geographers to connect on their globes the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Tierra del Fuego with the coast of New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea, and allowing their imaginations to run See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot in the vast unknown spaces of the south See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic, south See also:

• INDIAN

Indian and Pacific oceans, they sketched the outlines of a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics .