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ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS (or MONOPTHALMOS; s...

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 125 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS (or MONOPTHALMOS; so called from his having lost an See also:

eye) (382–301 B.C.)  , Macedonian See also:king, son of See also:Philip, was one of the generals of See also:Alexander the See also:Great . He was made See also:governor of Greater See also:Phrygia in 333, and in the See also:division of the provinces after Alexander's See also:death (323) See also:Pamphylia and See also:Lycia were added to his command . He incurred the enmity of See also:Perdiccas, the See also:regent, by refusing to assist See also:Eumenes (q.v.) to obtain See also:possession of the provinces allotted to him . In danger of his See also:life he escaped with his son See also:Demetrius into See also:Greece, where he obtained the favour of See also:Antipater, regent of See also:Macedonia (321); and when, soon after, on the death of Perdiccas, a new division took See also:place, he was entrusted with the command of the See also:war against Eumenes, who had joined Perdiccas against the See also:coalition of Antipater, Antigonus, and the other generals . Eumenes was completely defeated, and obliged to retire to See also:Nora in See also:Cappadocia, and a new See also:army that was marching to his See also:relief was routed by Antigonus . See also:Polyperchon succeeding Antipater (d..319) in the regency, to the exclusion of See also:Cassander, his son, Antigonus resolved to set himself up as See also:lord of all See also:Asia, and in See also:conjunction with Cassander and See also:Ptolemy of See also:Egypt, refused to recognize Polyperchon . He entered into negotiations with Eumenes; but Eumenes remained faithful to the royal See also:house . Effecting his See also:escape from Nora, he raised an army, and formed a coalition with the satraps of the eastern provinces . He was at last delivered up to Antigonus through treachery in See also:Persia and put to death (316) . Antigonus again claimed authority over the whole of Asia, seized the treasures at See also:Susa, and entered Babylonia, of which Seleucus was governor . Seleucus fled to Ptolemy, and entered into a See also:league with him (315), together with See also:Lysimachus and Cassander . After the war had been carried on with varying success from 315 to 311, See also:peace was concluded, by which the See also:government of Asia See also:Minor and See also:Syria was provisionally secured to Antigonus .

This agreement was soon violated on the pretext that garrisons had been placed in some of the See also:

free See also:Greek cities by Antigonus, and Ptolemy and Cassander renewed hostilities against him . Demetrius Poliorcetes, the son of Antigonus, wrested See also:part of Greece from Cassander . At first Ptolemy had made a successful descent upon Asia Minor and on several of the islands of the See also:Archipelago; but he was at length totally defeated by Demetrius in a See also:naval engagement off See also:Salamis, in See also:Cyprus (306) . On this victory Antigonus assumed the See also:title of king, and bestowed the same upon his son, a See also:declaration that he claimed to be the See also:heir of Alexander . Antigonus now prepared a large army, and a formidable See also:fleet, the command of which he gave to Demetrius, and hastened to attack Ptolemy in his own dominions . His invasion of Egypt, however, proved a failure; he was unable to penetrate the defences of Ptolemy, and was obliged to retire . Demetrius now attempted the reduction of See also:Rhodes, which had refused to assist Antigonus against Egypt; but, See also:meeting with obstinate resistance, he was obliged to make a treaty upon the best terms that he could (3o4) . In 302, although Demetrius was again winning success after success in Greece, Antigonus was obliged to recall him to meet the confederacy that had been formed between Cassander, Seleucus and Lysimachus . A decisive See also:battle was fought at Ipsus, in which Antigonus See also:fell, in the eighty-first See also:year of his See also:age . Diodorus Siculus xviii., xx . 46-86; See also:Plutarch, Demetrius, Eumenes; See also:Nepos, Eumenes; See also:Justin xv . 1-4 .

See MACEDONIAN See also:

EMPIRE; and Kohler, " Das Reich See also:des Antigonos," in the Sitzungsberichte d . Berl . Akad., 1898, p . 835 f .

End of Article: ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS (or MONOPTHALMOS; so called from his having lost an eye) (382–301 B.C.)
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