See also:

• ANTISTHENES (c. 444–365 B.C.)

ANTISTHENES (c. 444–365 B.C.)  , the founder of the Cynic school of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens of a Thracian See also:

• MOTHER

mother, a fact which may See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for the extreme boldness of his attack on conventional thought . In his youth he studied See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric under See also:

• GORGIAS (c. 483–375 B.C.)

Gorgias, perhaps also under Hippias and Prodicus . See also:

• GOMPERZ, THEODOR (1832– )

Gomperz suggests that he was originally in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good circumstances, but was reduced to poverty . However this may be, he came under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• SOCRATES

Socrates, and became a devoted See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil . So eager was he to hear the words of Socrates that he used to walk daily from See also:

• PEIRAEUS, or PIRAEUS (Gr. Hetpaceur)

Peiraeus to Athens, and persuaded his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends to'accompany him . Filled with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm for the Socratic See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of virtue, he founded a school of his own in the Cynosarges, the See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall of the bastards (voOot) . Thither he attracted the poorer classes by the simplicity of his See also:

• LIFE

life and teaching . He wore a cloak and carried a See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff and a wallet, and this See also:

• COSTUME
• COSTUME (through the Fr. costume, from Ital. costume, Late Lat. costuma, a contracted form of Lat. consuetudinem, ace. of consuetudo, custom, habit, manner, &c.)

costume became the See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform of his followers . See also:

• DIOGENES

Diogenes Laertius says that his See also:

• WORKS

works filled ten volumes, but of these fragments only remain . His favourite See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style seems to have been the See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue, wherein we see the effect of his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early rhetorical training . See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle speaks of him as uneducated and See also:

• SIMPLE

simple-minded, and See also:

• PLATO

Plato describes him as struggling in vain with the difficulties of See also:

• DIALECTIC, or DIALECTICS

dialectic . His See also:

• WORK

work. represents one See also:

• GREAT

great aspect of Socratic philosophy, and should be compared with the Cyrenaic and Megarian doctrines .

BIsLIoGRAPHY.—See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles Chappuis, Antisthene (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1854); A . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, De Antisthenis cynici vita et scriptis (See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, 1860 ; T . Gomperz, See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Thinkers (Eng. trans., 1905), vol. ii. pp . 142 if., 150 if . For his philosophy see See also:

• CYNICS

CYNICS, and for his pupils, Diogenes and See also:

• CRATES

Crates, see articles under these headings .