ANTONIO  , known as " THE See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

PRIOR OF CRATO " (1531—1595), claimant of the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, was the natural son of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis (Luis), See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BEJA (or BiJA)
• BEJA (probably the ancient Pax Julia)

Beja, by See also:

• YOLANDE [or ISABELLA] OF BRIENNE (1212-1228)

Yolande (Violante) See also:

• GOMEZ, DIOGO (DIEGO) (ff. 1440-1482)

Gomez, a Jewess, who is said to have died a See also:

• NUN (O. Eng. nunne, from Lat. nonnus, nonna, familiar terms for an old man or woman)

nun . His See also:

• FATHER

father was a. younger son of Emanuel, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Portugal ,(1495—1521) . Antonio was educated at See also:

• COIMBRA

Coimbra, and was placed in the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John . He was endowed with the wealthy priory of Crato . Little is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life till 1578 . In that See also:

• YEAR

year he accompanied King See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian (1557—1578) in his invasion of See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco, and was taken prisoner by the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Alcazar-Kebir, in which the king was slain . Antonio is said to have secured his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release on easy terms by a fiction . He was asked the meaningof the See also:

• CROSS

cross of St John which he wore on his doublet, and replied that it was the sign of a small See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice which he held from the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, and would lose if he were not back by the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January . His captor, believing him to be a poor See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, allowed him to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape for a small See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom . On his return to Portugal he found that his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry, only surviving son of King John III . (1521—1557), had been recognized as king . The cardinal was old, and was the last legitimate male representative of the royal See also:

• LINE

line (see PORTUGAL: See also:

• HISTORY

History) .

The See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession was claimed by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Antonio, relying on the popular hostility to a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish ruler, presented himself as a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate . He had endeavoured to prove that his father and See also:

• MOTHER

mother had been married after his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . There was, however, no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . Antonio's claim, which was inferior not only to that of Philip II., but to that of the duchess of See also:

• BRAGANZA (Braganca)

Braganza, was not supported by the nobles or gentry . His partisans were See also:

• DRAWN

drawn exclusively from the inferior See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, the peasants and workmen . The prior endeavoured to resist the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army which Philip II. marched into Portugal to enforce his pretensions, but was easily routed by the duke of See also:

• ALVA
• ALVA, or ALBA, FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, DUKE OF, (1508-1583)

Alva, the Spanish See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, at See also:

• ALCANTARA

Alcantara, on the 25th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1580 . At the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the year, or in the first days of 1581, he fled to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France carrying with him the See also:

• CROWN

crown jewels, which included many valuable diamonds . He was well received by See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine de' See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici, who had a claim of her own on the crown of Portugal, and looked upon him as a convenient See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument to be used against Philip II . By promising to cede the Portuguese See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil to her, and by the See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of See also:

• PART

part of his jewels, Antonio secured means to See also:

• FIT

fit out a See also:

• FLEET

fleet manned by Portuguese exiles and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• ENGLISH

English adventurers .. As the Spaniards had not yet occupied the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores he sailed to them, but was utterly defeated at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea by the See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Cruz off See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael's on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1582 . He now returned to France, and lived for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at Ruel near See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris .

Peril from the assassins employed by Philip II. to remove him drove Antonio from one See also:

• REFUGE

refuge to another, and he finally came to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth favoured him for much the same reasons as Catherine de' Medici . In 1589, the year after the See also:

• ARMADA, THE

Armada, he accompanied an English expedition under the command of See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

Drake and See also:

• NORRIS
• NORRIS, FRANK (1870—1902)
• NORRIS, HENRY NORRIS
• NORRIS, JOHN (1657-1711)
• NORRIS, SIR JOHN (c. 1547-1597)
• NORRIS, WILLIAM EDWARD (1847– )

Norris to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Spain and Portugal . The force consisted partly of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen's See also:

• SHIPS

ships, and in part of privateers who went in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty . Antonio, with all the credulity of an See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile, believed that his presence would provoke a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general rising against Philip II., but none took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and the expedition was a costly failure . In 1590 the pretender See also:

• LEFT

left England and returned to France,. where he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into poverty . His remaining diamonds were disposed of by degrees . The last and finest was acquired by M. de See also:

• SANCY, NICOLAS DE HARLAY, SEIGNEUR DE (1546-1629)

Sancy, from whom it was See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased by See also:

• SULLY, JAMES (1842– )
• SULLY, MAXIMILIEN DE BETHUNE
• SULLY, THOMAS (1783—1872)

Sully and included in the jewels of the crown . During his last days he lived as a private See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman on a small See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension given him by Henry IV., and he died in Paris on the . 26th of August 1595 . He left two illegitimate sons, and his descendants can be traced till 1687 . In addition to papers published to defend his claims Antonio was the author of the Panegyrus Alphonsi Lusitanorum Regis (Coimbra, 155o), and of a See also:

• CENTO
• CENTO (Gr. idvrpwv, Lat. cento, patchwork)

cento of the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms, Psalmi Confessionales (Paris 1592), which was translated into English under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of The Royal Penitent by See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Chamberleyn (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1659), and into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German as Heilige Betrachtungen (See also:

• MARBURG
• MARBURG, COLLOQUY OF (Marburger Religionsgesprach)

Marburg, 1677) .

AUTHORITI1s.—Antonio is frequently mentioned in the French, English, and Spanish See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state papers of the time . A life of him, attributed to Gomes Vasconcellos de Figueredo, was published in a French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation by Mme de Sainctonge at See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam (1626) . A See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of him, Un pretendant portugais au X VI. siecle, by E . See also:

• FOURNIER
• FOURNIER, PIERRE SIMON (1712-1768)

Fournier (Paris, 1852), is based on See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic See also:

• SOURCES

sources . See also Dom Antonio Prior de Crata--rotas de bibliographic, by J. de Aranjo (See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, 1897) . (D .