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APOPHYSIS (Gr. amrocvves, offshoot)

APOPLEXIES OR TUMOURS OR ARTERIAL DEGENERATION

APOPLEXY (Gr. arov n i.a, from aroaMvvew, to strike down, to stun)

APOROSE (from Gr. a, without, and sr6pos, passage)

APOSIOPESIS (the Greek for " becoming silent ")

APOSTASY (aaoafiavis, in classical Greek a defection or revolt from a military commander)

APOSTIL, or APOSTILLE (possibly connected with Lat. appositum, placed near)

APOSTOLIC CANONS

APOSTOLIC FATHERS

APOSTOLIC MAJESTY

APOSTOLICAL CONSTITUTIONS (OLaraya% or OLaT6. e s Tiiv a'ylWV ?uroorOXWV &Q, KAijiEVTOS TOU 'PWlbatWV E7rorKU7rov TE Kal 7roXtrov. KaOoXLK17 &L aaKakia)

APOSTOLIC BRETHREN APOSTOLICI

MICHAEL APOSTOLIUS (d. c. 1480)

APOSTROPHE (Gr. aroarporbit, turning away; the final e being sounded)

APOTACTITES, or APOTACTICI (from Gr. arorat rbs, set apart)

APOTHECARY (from the Lat. apothecarius, a keeper of an apotheca, Gr. aroth is , a store)

APOTHEOSIS (Gr. aaoOeou)

APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS

APPANAGE, or APANAGE (a French word from the late Lat. apanagium, formed from apanare, i.e. panem porrigere, to give bread, i.e. sustenance)

APPAREL (from O. Fr. aparail, aparailler, mod. appareil, from Low Lat. adpariculare, to make fit. or equal)

APPARENT SYSTEM

APPARITOR, or APPARATOR (Latin for a servant of a public official, from apparere, to attend in public)

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

FRANCESCO MARIA APPENDINI (1768-1837)

APPERCEPTION (Lat. ad and percipere, perceive)

CHARLES JAMES APPERLEY (1777-1843)

BENJAMIN NICOLAS MARIE APPERT (1797-1847)

APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

ANDREA APPIANI (1754-1817)

APPLAUSE (Lat. applaudere, to strike upon, clap)

APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

NATHAN APPLETON (1779-1861)

APPLIANCES FOR EDUCATIONAL

APPOGGIATURA (from Ital. appoggiare, to lean upon)

POWER OF APPOINTMENT

APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

COUNT ALBERT APPONYI (1846- )

APPORTIONMENT (Fr. apportionement; Med. Lat. apportionamentum; derived from Lat. portio, share)

APPORTIONMENT BILL

APPRAISER (from Lat. appretiare, to value)

APPREHENSION (Lat. ad, to; prehendere, to seize)

APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

APPROPRIATION (from Lat. appropriare, to set aside)

APPROXIMATE PRODUCTION FOR THE UNITED

APPURTENANCES (from late Lat. appertinentia, from appertinere, to appertain)

THEDOR MATVYEEVICH APRAKSIN (1671-1728)

APRICOT (from the Lat. praecox, or praecoquus, ripened early, coquere, to cook, or ripen; the English form, formerly " apricock " and " abrecox," comes through the Fr. abricot, from the Span. albaricoque, which was an adaptation of the Arabic al-burquk, i

APRIES ('Aapcns)

APRON (a corruption arising from a wrong division of " a napron " into " an apron," from the Fr. naperon, napperon, a diminutive of nappe, Lat. mappa, a napkin)

APSE (Gr. alkir, a fastening, especially the felloe of a wheel; Lat. absis)

APTERA (Greek for " wingless ")

APTERAL (from the Gr. eorrepos, wingless, a-, privative and Irmpov, a wing)

APTIAN (Fr. Aptien, from Apt in Vaucluse, France)

LUCIUS APULEIUS

APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

AQUAE (Lat. for "waters'')

AQUAMARINE (Lat. aqua marina, " water of the sea ")

AQUARELLE (from Ital. acquarella, water-colour)

AQUARIUM (plural aquaria)

AQUARIUS (the " Water-bearer " or " Cup-bearer ")

AQUATINT (Lat. aqua, water, and tincta, dyed)

CLAUDIO AQUAVIVA (1542-1615)

AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

AQUILA ('AxdXas), (1)

CASPAR [KASPAR ADLER] AQUILA (1488-1560)

SERAFINO AQUILA

MANIUS AQUILLIUS

THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO] AQUINAS (c 1227--1274)

ARABGIR, or ARABKJR (Byz. Arabraces)

ARABI PASHA (c. 1839- )

ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY

ARABIAN SEA (anc. Mare Erythraeum)

ARABISTAN (formerly KHUZISTAN)

ARACATY, or ARACATI

ARAEOSTYLE (Gr. apatos, weak or widely spaced, and arvXos, column)

ARAEOSYSTYLE (Gr. apaios, widely spaced, and o crrvXos, with columns set close together)

DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN ARAGO (1786-1853)

ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

ARAGUAY ARAGUAYA

COUNT ALEKSYEI ANDREEVICH ARAKCHEEV (1769-1834)

EUGENE ARAM (17o4-17J9)

ARAMAIC LANGUAGES

ARAN ISLANDS, or SOUTH ARAN

COUNT PEDRO PABLO ABARCA DE BOLEA ARANDA

ARANJUEZ (perhaps the ancient Ara Jovis)

JANOS ARANY (1817-1882)

ARAPAHO (possibly from the Pawnee for " trader ")

ARARAT (Armen. Massis, Turk. Egri Dagh, i.e. " Painful Mountain," Pers. Koh-i-Nuh, i.e. " Mountain of Noah,")

JON ARASON (1484-1551)

ARAUCANIANS (or AucA)

ARAWAK (" meal-eaters," in reference to cassava, their staple food)

ARBELA (ARBA`IL, i.e. " Four-god-city")

EDWARD ARBER (1836– )

ARBITRATION (Lat. arbitrari, to examine or judge)

ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION

INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION

ARBOGAST (d. 394)

MARIE HENRI ARBOIS DE JUBAINVILLE

ARBOR VITAE (Tree of Life)

ARBORICULTURE (Lat. arbor, a tree)

FERNANDEZ ARBOS (1863- )

ARBOUR, or ARBOR (originally " herber " or " erber," O. Fr. herbier, from Lat. herbarium, a collection of herbs, herba, grass; the word came to be spelt " arber " through its pronunciation, as in the case of Derby, and by the 16th century was written " ar

ARBROATH, or ABERBROTHOCK

ALEXANDER ARBUTHNOT (1538-1583)

JOHN ARBUTHNOT (1667-1735)

ARCADELT, or ARCHADELT, JACOB (c. 1514—c. 1556)

ARCADIUS (378–408)

ARCELLA (C. G. Ehrenberg)

ARCESILAUS (316–241 B.c.)

JOSEPH ARCH (1826– )

ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

ARCHAEOLOGY AND

ARCHAEOLOGY OF CENTRAL

ARCHANGEL (ARCHANGELSK)

ARCHANGEL (ARCHANGELSx)

ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

ARCHCHANCELLOR (Lat. Archicancellarius; Ger. Erz kanzler)

ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

ARCHEAN SYSTEM (from apXil, beginning)

ARCHELAUS OF CAPPADOCIA (1st century B.c.)

ARCHELAUS OF MILETUS

JOHANN WILHELM VON ARCHENHOLZ (1743—1812)

WILLIAM ARCHER (1856— )

COURT OF ARCHES

VICOMTE ETIENNE JULES ADOLPHE DESMIER DE SAINT SIMON ARCHIAC

AULUS LICINJUS ARCHIAS

ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL

ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS

5TH EARL OF DOUGLAS ARCHIBALD (c. 1391–1439)

ARCHIL (a corruption of " orchil," Ital. oricello, the origin of which is unknown)

ARCHIMANDRITE (from Gr. apxcov, a ruler, and µav3pa, a fold or monastery)

ARCHIMEDES (c. 287–212 B.C.)

SCREW OF ARCHIMEDES

ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

ARCHITRAVE (from Lat. arcus, an arch, and trabs, trabem, a beam)

ARCHIVE (Lat. archivum, a transliteration of Gr. apxeiov, an official building)

ARCHIVOLT (from Lat. arcus, an arch, and volta, a vault)

ARCHON (apywv, ruler)

ARCHPRIEST (Lat. archipresbyter, Gr. apxtirpec/3urepos)

ARCHYTAS (c. 428—347 B.C.)

ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA

ARCOSOLIUM (from Lat. arcus, arch, and solium, a sarcophagus)

ARCTIC (Gr. "ApKroc, the Bear, the northern constellation of Ursa Major)

ARDEBIL, or ARDABIL

FOREST OF ARDEN

ARDGLASS (" Green Height " )

LUIGI ARDITI (1822-1903)

AREMBERG, or ARENBERG

ARENA (Lat. for " sand ")

AREOI, or AREOITI

AREOPAGUS ("Apews Ilayos)

ARETAS (Arab. Haritha)

ARETE (O. Fr. areste, Lat. arista, ear of corn, fish-bone or spine)

ARETHAS (c. 860-940)

PIETRO ARETINO (1492-1556)

AREZZO (anc. Arretium)

FRIEDRICH WILHELM AUGUST ARGELANDER (1799-1875)

MARQUIS JEAN BAPTISTE DE BOYER ARGENS

LUPERCIO LEONARDO DE ARGENSOLA (1559-1613)

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC

ARGHOUL, ARGHOOL, or ARGHUL (in the Egyptian hieroglyphs,As or As-IT)

ARGON (from the Gr. 6.-, privative, and Epyov, work; hence meaning " inert ")

ARGONAUTS ('Apyovavrat, the sailors of the "Argo ")

ARGOSTOLI (anc. Cephallenia)

ARGOSY (a corruption, by transposition of letters, of the name of the seaport Ragusa)

EARLS AND DUKES OF ARGYLL

ARGYROKASTRO, or ARGYROCASTRON (Turkish, Ergeri; Albanian, Ergir Castri)

ARGYROPULUS, or ARGYROPULO, JOHN (c. 1416-1486)

ARIA (Ital. for " air ")

ARIADNE (in Greek mythology)

ARIANO DI PUGLIA

BENITO ARIAS MONTANO (1527-1598)

ARICA (SAN MARCOS DE ARICA)

ARICIA (mod. Ariccia)

ARIES (" The Ram ")

ARIKARA, or ARICARA (from ariki, horn)

ARIMINUM (mod. Rimini)

LODOVICO ARIOSTO (1474-1533)

ARISTAGORAS (d. 497 B.c.)

ARISTIDES ['Apuvrei817s] (c. 530—468 B.C.)

AELIUS ARISTIDES

APOLOGY OF ARISTIDES

QUINTILIANUS ARISTIDES

ARISTIPPUS (c. 435–356 B.c.)

ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

ARISTODEMUS (8th century s.c.)

ARISTOLOCHIA (Gr. apwros, best, Xoxeia, child-birth, in allusion to its repute in promoting child-birth)

ARISTOPHANES (c. 448–385 B.e.1)

ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

ARITHMETIC (Gr. apeOµ7run7, sc. TEXVn, the art of counting, from (ipLBµos, number)

ARIZONA (from the Spanish-Indian Arizonac, of unknown meaning,—possibly " few springs,"-the name of an 18th-century mining camp in the Santa Cruz valley, just S. of the present border of Arizona)

ARK (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Arche, adapted from the Lat. area, chest, cf. arcere, to shut up, enclose)„ a chest, basket or box. The Hebrew word tebah, translated in the' A.V. by " ark," is used in the Old Testament (1)

SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT (1732-1792)

KINGDOM OF ARLES

EARL OF HENRY BENNET ARLINGTON (1618-1685)

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

ARMATOLES (Gr. apµarwX6r, a man-at-arms)

ARMATURE (from Lat. armatura, armour)

ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

ARMENIAN CHURCH

ARMENIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

ARMET (diminutive of Fr. arme)

COUNT GUSTAF MAURITZ ARMFELT (1757–1814)

JACOBUS ARMINIUS (1560-1609)

ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

ARMORICA (AREMORICA)

PHILIP DANFORTH ARMOUR (1832-1901)

ARMS AND ARMOUR (Lat. arma, from the Aryan root ar, to join or fit; cf. Gr. &ppbs, joint; the form armour, from Lat. armatura, should strictly be armure)

HENRY HUGH ARMSTEAD (1828-1005)

ARCHIBALD ARMSTRONG (d. 1672)

JOHN ARMSTRONG (1709-1779)

JOHN ARMSTRONG (1758—1843)

SAMUEL CHAPMAN ARMSTRONG (1839—1893)

BARON WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG ARMSTRONG (1810—1900)

ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

ETIENNE ARNAL (1794–1872)

ARNALDUS DE VILLA NOVA

HENRI ARNAUD (1641-1721)

ANTOINE VINCENT ARNAULT (1766-1834)

ERNST MORITZ ARNDT (1769-1860)

JOHANN ARNDT (1555-1621)

THOMAS AUGUSTINE ARNE (1710-1778)

RITTER ALFRED ARNETH

ARNHEM, or ARNHEIM

ELISABETH ARNIM (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859)

COUNT HARRY KARL KURT EDUARD VON ARNIM (1824-1881)

LUDWIG ACHIM ARNIM (JOACHIM) VON (1781-1831)

ARNO (anc. Arnus)

ARNOBIUS (" the younger ")

ARNOBIUS (called Afer, and sometimes " the Elder ")

ARNOLD JOOST VAN KEPPEL

BENEDICT ARNOLD (1741-1801)

GOTTFRIED ARNOLD (1666-1714)

MATTHEW ARNOLD (1822-1888)

SAMUEL ARNOLD (1740--18o2)

SIR EDWIN ARNOLD (1832-1904)

THOMAS ARNOLD (1745-1842)

NEIL ARNOTT (1788-1874)