See also:

• APPANAGE, or APANAGE (a French word from the late Lat. apanagium, formed from apanare, i.e. panem porrigere, to give bread, i.e. sustenance)

APPANAGE, or APANAGE (a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French word from the See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• LAT

Lat. apanagium, formed from apanare, i.e. panem porrigere, to give See also:

• BREAD

bread, i.e. sustenance)  , in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original sense, the means of subsistence given by parents to their younger See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children as distinct from the rights secured to the eldest See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born by the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of See also:

• PRIMOGENITURE

primogeniture . In its See also:

• MODERN

modern usage it is practically confined to the See also:

• MONEY

money endowment given to the younger children of reigning or mediatized houses in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany and See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, which reverts to the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state or to the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• FAMILY

family on the extinction of the See also:

• LINE

line of the original grantee . In See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• HISTORY

history the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of appanages never played any See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part, and the See also:

• TERM

term is now properly applied only to the appanages of the See also:

• CROWN

crown: the duchy of See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, assigned to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's eldest son at See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, or on his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the crown, and the duchy of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster . In the history of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, however, the See also:

• APPANAGE, or APANAGE (a French word from the late Lat. apanagium, formed from apanare, i.e. panem porrigere, to give bread, i.e. sustenance)

appanage was .a very important See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor . The word denotes in very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law the portion of lands or money given by fathers and mothers to their sons or daughters on See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, and usually connotes a renunciation by the latter of any future See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance; or it may denote the portion given by the eldest son to his See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers and sisters when he was See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole inheritor . The word apanage is still employed in this sense in French See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official texts of some Customs; but it was in old public law that it received its definite meaning and importance . Under the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of the third See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom among the sons of the dead monarch which had characterized the Merovingian and . Carolingian dynasties, ceased . The eldest son alone succeeded.to the crown; but at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a custom was established by which the king made territorial See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision suitable to their See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank for his other children or for his brothers and sisters; custom forbade their being See also:

• LEFT

left landless . Lands and lordships thus bestowed constituted the appanages, which interfered so greatly with the formation of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient France . While the persevering policy of the Capets, which aimed at reuniting the great fiefs, duchies, countships, baronies, &c., to the domain of the crown, gradually reconstructed for their benefit a territorial See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty over France, the institution of the appanage periodically subtracted large portions from it . See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI., in particular, had to struggle against the appanaged nobles .

The old law, however, never abolished this institution . The See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict of See also:

• MOULINS

Moulins (1566) maintained it, as one of the exceptions to the inalienability of the crown-lands; only it was then decided that daughters of France should be appanaged in money, or that if, in See also:

• DEFAULT (Fr. defaut, from defailler, to fail, Lat. fallere)

default of See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin, lands were assigned to them, these lands should be redeemable by the crown in See also:

• PERPETUITY (Lat. perpetuus, continuous)

perpetuity . The efforts of the kings to minimize this evil, and of the old See also:

• JURISPRUDENCE (Lat. jurisprudenlia, knowledge of law, from jus, right, and prudentia, from providere, to foresee)
• JURISPRUDENCE, COMPARATIVE

jurisprudence to See also:

• DEAL

deal with the See also:

• MATTER

matter, resulted in two expedients: (1) the reversion of the appanage to the crown was secured as far as possible, being declared in-alienable and transmissible only to male descendants in the male line of the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person appanaged; (2) originally the person appanaged had possessed all the rights of a See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke or See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count—that is to say, in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages nearly all the attributes of sovereignty; the more important of these attributes were now gradually reserved to the monarch, including public authority over the inhabitants of the appanage in all essential matters . However, it is evident from the letters of appanage, dated See also:

• APRIL

April 1771, in favour of the count of See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence, how many functions of public authority an appanaged person still held . The Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, by the law dated the 22nd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1990, decided that in future there should be no appanages in real See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, and that younger sons of monarchs, married and over twenty-five years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, should be provided for by yearly grants (rentes apanageres) from the public funds . The See also:

• LAWS

laws of the 13th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August and the 21st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1790 revoked all the existing appanages, except those of the Luxembourg See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace and the Palais Royal . To each person hitherto appanaged an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual income of one million livres was assigned, and two millions for the brothers of the king . All this came to an end with the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, by the senatus-consulte of the 30th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 181o, resolved to create appanages for the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's princely descend-ants, such appanages to consist for the most part of lands on French See also:

• SOIL

soil . The fall of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire again annulled this enactment . The last appanage known in France was that enjoyed by the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans . Having been re-established, or recognized as. still existing, by the Restoration, it was formally confirmed by the law of the 15th of January 1825 .

On the accession of Louis Philippe it was See also:

• UNITED

united to the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• PROPERTY

property by the law of the 2nd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1832 . For appanages in ancient law see the Essai sur See also:

• LES

les apanages ou memoires historiques de leur etablissement, attributed to Du Vaucel. about 1780 . (J . P .