CLAUDIO See also:

• CLAUDIO AQUAVIVA (1542-1615)

AQUAVIVA (1542-1615)  , fifth See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, the youngest son of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke d'Altri, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . He joined the Jesuits at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 1567, and his high administrative gifts marked him out for the highest posts . He was soon nominated provincial of Naples and then of Rome; and during this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he offered to join the Jesuit See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England that set out under See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• PARSONS
• PARSONS (or PERSONS), ROBERT (1546-161o)
• PARSONS, THEOPHILUS (1750-1813)

Parsons (q.v.) in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1580 . The following See also:

• YEAR

year, being then only See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-seven years old, he was elected, by a large See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority, general of the society in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to Mercurian, to the See also:

• GREAT

great surprise of See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XIII.; but the extraordinary See also:

• POLITICAL

political ability he displayed, and the vast increase that came to the Society during his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long generalate, abundantly justified the votes of the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors . He, together with Lainez, may be regarded as the real founder of the 'Society as it is known to See also:

• HISTORY

history . A born ruler, he secured all authority in his own hands, and insisted that those who prided themselves on their obedience should See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act up to the profession . In his first See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter " On the happy increase of the Society " (25th of See also:

• JULY

July 1581), he treats of the necessary qualifications for superiors, and points out that See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government should be directed not by the See also:

• MAXIMS, LEGAL

maxims of human See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom but by those of supernatural prudence . He successfully quelled a revolt among the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish Jesuits, which was supported by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II., and he made use in this See also:

• MATTER

matter of Parsons . A more difficult task was the management of See also:

• SIXTUS

Sixtus V., who was hostile to the Society . By consummate tact and boldness See also:

• AQUAVIVA, CLAUDIO (1542-1615)

Aquaviva succeeded in playing the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king against the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, and Sixtus against Philip . For prudential reasons, he silenced See also:

• MARIANA, JUAN DE (1536-1624)

Mariana, whose See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine on tyrannicide had produced deep indignation in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; and he also appears to have discountenanced the See also:

• ACTION

action of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Jesuits in favour of the See also:

• LEAGUE

League, and was thus able to secure solid advantages when See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. overcame the confederacy . To him is due the Jesuit See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• EDUCATION

education in the See also:

• BOOK

book Ratio atque institutio studiorum (Rome, 1586) .

But the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans denounced it to the See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition, and it was condemned both in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and in Rome, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of some opinions concerning the Thomist doctrines of the divine See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical premotion in secondary causes and See also:

• PREDESTINATION (from Late Lat. praedestinare, to deter-mine beforehand; from the root sta, as in stare, stand)

predestination . The incriminated chapters were withdrawn in the edition of 1591 . In the fierce disputes that arose between the Jesuit theologians and the Dominicans on the subject of See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace, Aquaviva managed, under See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VIII. and See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul V., to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save his party from a condemnation that at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time seemed probable . He died at Rome on the 31st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1615, leaving the Society numbering 13,000 members in 550 houses and 15 provinces . The subsequent See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence exercised by the Jesuits, in their See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, was largely due to the far-seeing policy of Aquaviva, who is undoubtedly the greatest general that has governed the Society . (E .