See also:

• ARCADIUS
• ARCADIUS (378–408)

ARCADIUS (378–408)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder son of See also:

• THEODOSIUS

Theodosius the See also:

• GREAT

Great, was created See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus in 383, and succeeded his See also:

• FATHER

father in 395 along with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• HONORIUS
• HONORIUS, FLAVIUS (384-423)

Honorius . The See also:

• EMPIRE

empire was divided between them, Honorius governing the two western prefectures (See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy), See also:

• ARCADIUS
• ARCADIUS (378–408)

Arcadius the two eastern (the Orient and Illyricum) . Both were feeble, and, in See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon's phrase, slumbered on their thrones, leaving the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to others . Arcadius submitted at first to the guidance of the praetorian See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect See also:

• RUFINUS, TYRANNIUS

Rufinus, and, after his See also:

• MURDER

murder (end of 395) by the troops, to the counsels of the See also:

• EUNUCH (Gr. Evvoi3Xos)

eunuch See also:

• EUTROPIUS

Eutropius (executed end of 399) . His See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort Eudoxia (daughter of a See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, Bauto), a woman of strong will, exercised great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over him; she died in 404 . In the last See also:

• YEAR

year of his reign, See also:

• ANTHEMIUS

Anthemius (praetorian prefect) was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief adviser and support of the See also:

• THRONE

throne . The first years of the reign were marked by the ravaging of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula by the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Goths under See also:

• ALARIC (Ala-reiks, " All-ruler "), (c. 370-410)

Alaric (q.v.) in 395–396 . The See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of the Goth Gainas (who held the See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of soldiers) in 399–400 is less famous but was more dangerous . At that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time there were two See also:

• RIVAL

rival See also:

• POLITICAL

political parties at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, the " Roman " party led by See also:

• AURELIAN [Lucius DoMITIus AURELIANUS]

Aurelian (son of See also:

• TAURUS (" the Bull ")

Taurus), praetorian prefect, and supported by the em-See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press and a Germanizing and Arianizing party led by Aurelian's brother (possibly Caesarius, praetorian prefect in 400) . Gainas entered into a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• LEAGUE

league with the latter; fomented a See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion in See also:

• PHRYGIA

Phrygia; and forced the emperor to put Eutropius to See also:

• DEATH

death . For some months he and the party which he supported were supreme in Constantinople . He was, however, finally forced to leave, and having plundered for some time in See also:

• THRACE

Thrace was captured and killed by the loyal Goth Fravitta .

The Roman party recovered its See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power; Aurelian was again praetorian prefect in 402; and the Germanization which was to befall the western See also:

• WORLD

world was averted from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . Another import-See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant question was decided in this reign, the relation of the See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of Constantinople to the emperor . The struggle between the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and the patriarch See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CHRYSOSTOM

Chrysostom (q.v.), who assumed an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent attitude and gravely offended the empress by his sermons against the worldliness and frivolity of the court, with open allusions to herself, resulted in his fall and See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile (404) . This virtually determined the subordination of the patriarch of Constantinople to the emperor . The rivalry of the see of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria with Constantinople was also displayed in the See also:

• CON

con-test, See also:

• THEOPHILUS

Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, assisting the court in bringing about the fall of Chrysostom . Throughout the reign of Arcadius there was estrangement and See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy between the two See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers or their governments . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal ground of this hostility was probably dissatisfaction on both sides with the territorial See also:

• PARTITION

partition . The See also:

• LINE

line had been See also:

• DRAWN

drawn east of See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia . The ministers of Arcadius desired to annex Dalmatia to his portion, while the general See also:

• STILICHO, FLAVIUS (?-4o8)

Stilicho, who was supreme in the west, wished to wrest from the eastern See also:

• REALM

realm the prefecture of Illyricum or a considerable See also:

• PART

part of it . His designs were unsuccessful, and during the reign of Theodosius II., son of Arcadius (who died in 408), Dalmatia was transferred to the dominion of the eastern ruler . AuTxoRITlES.—See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient: Fragments of See also:

• EUNAPIUS

Eunapius and See also:

• OLYMPIODORUS

Olympiodorus (in Mailer's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, vol. iv.); fragments of Philostorgius, See also:

• SOCRATES

Socrates, See also:

• SOZOMEN

Sozomen, See also:

• ZOSIMUS

Zosimus, See also:

• SYNESIUS (c. 373-c. 414)

Synesius of See also:

• CYRENE [mod. Ain Shahat-Grenna]

Cyrene (" The See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian "), Claudian . See also:

• MODERN

Modern: Gibbon's Decline and Fall, vol. iii., ed .

See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury; J . B . Bury, Later Roman Empire, vol. i . (1889) ; T . See also:

• HODGKIN, THOMAS (1831- )

Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, vol. i . (ed . 2, 1892) ; Guldenpenning, Geschichte See also:

• DES

des ostromischen Reiches unter den Kaisern Arcadius and Theodosius II . (1885) .