See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

ARCHBISHOP (See also:

• LAT

Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)  , in the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank, implying usually See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction over other bishops, but no superiority of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order over them . The functions of the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop, as at See also:

• PRESENT

present exercised, See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed out of those of the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan (q.v.); though the title of archbishop, when it first appeared, implied no metropolitan jurisdiction . Nor are the terms inter-changeable now; for not all metropolitans are archbishops,) nor all archbishops metropolitans . The title seems to have been introduced first in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, in the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, as an honorary distinction implying no superiority of jurisdiction . Its first recorded use is by See also:

• ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius, bishop of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, who applied it to his predecessor See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander as a See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark of respect . In the same way See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory of Nazianzus bestowed it upon Athanasius himself . In the next century its use would seem to have been more See also:

• COMMON

common as the title of bishops of important See also:

• SEES

sees ; for several archbishops are stated to have been present at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• CHALCEDON
• CHALCEDON, COUNCIL OF

Chalcedon in 451 . In the Western Church the title was hardly known before the 7th century, and did not become common until the Carolingian emperors revived the right of the metropolitans to summon provincial synods . The metropolitans now commonly assumed the title of archbishop to mark their pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence over the other bishops; at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• OBLIGATION

obligation imposed upon them, mainly at the instance of St See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface, to receive the See also:

• GALLIUM (symbol Ga; atomic weight 69.9)

gallium (q.v.) from See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, definitely marked the defeat of their claim to exercise metropolitan jurisdiction independently of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope . At the present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, the title of archbishop is retained in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Church, the various See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental churches, the See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican Church, and certain branches of the Lutheran (Evangelical) Church . 1 In the Roman Church it is safe to say that all metropolitans are archbishops . In, e.g., the Scottish and See also:

• AMERICAN

American episcopal churches, however, the metropolitan is the See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior bishop See also:

• PRO

pro tem .

In the Roman Catholic Church the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of the archbishop are considerably less extensive than they were in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . According to the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• CANON

canon See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, based on the See also:

• DECRETALS (Epistolae decretales)

decretals, and codified in the 13th century in the Corpus See also:

• JURIS

juris canonici, by which the earlier powers of metropolitans had been greatly curtailed, the powers of the archbishop consisted in the right (1) to confirm and consecrate See also:

• SUFFRAGAN (Med. Lat. suffraganeus suffragator, one who assists, from suffragari, to vote in favour of, to support)

suffragan bishops; (2) to summon and preside over provincial synods; (3) to superintend the suffragans and visit their dioceses, as well as to censure and punish bishops in the interests of discipline, the right of deprivation, however, being reserved to the pope; (4) to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal from the diocesan courts; (5) to exercise the See also:

• JUS

jus devolutionis, i.e. present to benefices in the See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of bishops, if these neglect their See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty in this respect . These rights were greatly curtailed by the council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent . The See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation and See also:

• CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration of bishops (q.v.) is now reserved to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See . The summoning of provincial synods, which was made obligatory every three years by the council, was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long neglected, but is now more common wherever the See also:

• POLITICAL

political conditions, e.g. in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, are favourable . The disciplinary powers of the archbishop, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, can scarcely be said to survive . The right to hold a visitation of a suffragan's See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese or to issue censures against him was, by Sess. See also:

• XXIV

xxiv. c . 3 de ref., of the council of Trent, made dependent upon the consent of the provincial See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod after cause shown (causa cognita et probata) ; and the only two powers See also:

• LEFT

left to the archbishop in this respect are to See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch over the diocesan seminaries and to compel the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the bishop in his diocese . The right of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-bishop to exercise a certain disciplinary See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power over the See also:

• REGULAR

regular orders is possessed by him, not as archbishop, but as the delegate ad hoc of the pope . Finally, the See also:

• FUNCTION

function of the archbishop as See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge in a court of appeal, though it still subsists, is of little See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical importance now that the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, in See also:

• CIVIL

civil matters, are universally subject to the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular courts . Besides archbishops who are metropolitans there are in the Roman Catholic Church others who have no metropolitan jurisdiction . Such are the titular archbishops in partibus, and certain archbishops of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian sees who have no bishops under them .

Archbishops rank immediately after patriarchs and have the same See also:

• PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)

precedence as See also:

• PRIMATES
• PRIMATES (Lat. primas, first)

primates . The right to See also:

• WEAR

wear the See also:

• PALLIUM

pallium is confined to those archbishops who are not merely titular . It must be applied for, either in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person or by See also:

• PROXY (short for " procuracy ")

proxy, at Rome by the archbishop within three months of his consecration or enthronement, and, before receiving it, he must take the oaths of fidelity and obedience to the Holy See . Until the pallium is granted, the archbishop is known only as archbishop-elect, and is not empowered to exercise his potestas ordinis in the archdiocese nor to summon the provincial synod and exercise the jurisdiction dependent upon this . He may, however, exercise his purely episcopal functions . The See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign of his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office is the See also:

• CROSS

cross, crux erecta or gestatoria, carried before him on See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn occasions (see CROSS) . In the Orthodox and other churches of the East the title of archbishop is of far more common occurrence than in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West, and is less consistently associated with metropolitan Church . Church. functions . Thus in See also:

• GREECE

Greece there are eleven archbishops to thirteen bishops, the archbishop of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens alone being metropolitan; in See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus, where there are four bishops and only one archbishop, all five are of metropolitan rank . In the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant churches of See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• EUROPE

Europe the title of archbishop has fallen into almost See also:

• COMPLETE

complete disuse . It is, however, still See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by the Lutheran bishop of See also:

• UPSALA, or UPPSALA

Upsala, who is metropolitan of See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, and by the Lutheran bishop of Also in See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland . In See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia the title has occasionally been bestowed by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king on See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general superintendents of the Lutheran church, as in 1829, when See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William III. gave it to his friend and spiritual adviser, the celebrated preacher, See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

Ernst Borowski (174o—1831), general See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of Prussia 0812) and bishop (1816) .

In the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and its See also:

• SISTER

sister and daughter churches the position of the archbishop is defined by the medievalcanon law as confirmed or modified by See also:

• STATUTE

statute since the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . It is, therefore, as regards both the potestas ordinis and jurisdiction, substantially the same as in the Roman Catholic Church, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save as modified on the one hand by the substitution of the supremacy of the See also:

• CROWN

crown for that of the Holy See, and on the other by the restrictions imposed by the council of Trent . The ecclesiastical See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the Church of England is divided between two archbishops—the archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, who is " See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate of all England " and metropolitan of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Canterbury, and the archbishop of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, who is "primate of England " and metropolitan of the province of York . The jurisdiction of the archbishop of Canterbury as primate of all England extends in certain matters into the province of York . He exercised the jurisdiction of legatus natus of the pope through-out all England before the Reformation, and since that event he has been empowered, by 25 See also:

• HEN

Hen . VIII. c . 21, to exercise certain powers of See also:

• DISPENSATION

dispensation in cases formerly sued for in the court of Rome . Under this statute the archbishop continues to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant special licences to marry, which are valid in both provinces; he appoints notaries public, who may practise in both provinces; and he grants dispensations to clerks to hold more than one See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice, subject to certain restrictions which have been imposed by later statutes . The archbishop also continues to grant degrees in the faculties of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, See also:

• MUSIC

music and law, which are known as See also:

• LAMBETH

Lambeth degrees . His power to grant degrees in See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine, qualifying the recipients to practise, was practically restrained by the Medical Act 1858 . The archbishop of Canterbury exercises the twofold jurisdiction of a metropolitan and a diocesan bishop . As metropolitan he is the See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of the spiritualities of every vacant see within the province, he presents to all benefices which fall vacant during the vacancy of the see, and through his special See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary exercises the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary jurisdiction of a bishop within the vacant diocese .

He exercises also an appellate jurisdiction over each bishop, which, in cases of licensed curates, he exercises personally under the Pluralities Act 1838; but his ordinary appellate jurisdiction is exercised by the judge of the See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

Arches court (see ARCHES, COURT OF) . The archbishop had formerly exclusive jurisdiction in all causes of See also:

• WILLS, WILLIAM GORMAN (1828-1891)

wills and intestacies, where parties died having See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• PROPERTY

property in more than one diocese of the province of Canterbury, and he had concurrent jurisdiction in other cases . This jurisdiction, which he exercised through the judge of the See also:

• PREROGATIVE

Prerogative court, was transferred to the crown by the Court of See also:

• PROBATE

Probate Act 1857 . The Arches court was also the court of appeal from the See also:

• CONSISTORY (Lat. consistorium, literally, a standing place, hence meeting place, waiting or audience chamber)

consistory courts of the bishops of the province in all testamentary and matrimonial causes . The matrimonial jurisdiction was transferred to the crown by the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 . The court of See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

Audience, in which the archbishop presided personally, attended by his See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar-general, and sometimes by episcopal assessors, has fallen into desuetude . The vicar-general, however, exercises jurisdiction in matters' of ordinary See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage licences and of institutions to benefices . The See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the faculties regulates the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of notaries public, and all dispensations which fall under 25 Hen . VIII. c . 21 . Alight very rarely exercised by the archbishop of Canterbury, but one of great importance, is that of the visitation and de-privation of inferior bishops . Since there is no example of the archbishop of York exercising or being reputed to have such disciplinary jurisdiction over his suffragans,' and this right could, according to the canon law cited above, in the middle ages only be exercised normally in See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert with the provincial synod, it would seem to be a survival of the special jurisdiction enjoyed by the pre-Reformation archbishop as legatus natus of the pope .

It was somewhat freely exercised by See also:

• CRANMER, THOMAS (1489-1556)

Cranmer and his successors immediately after the Reformation; but the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main precedent now relied upon is that of Dr See also:

• WATSON, RICHARD (1737-1816)
• WATSON, THOMAS (c. 1557–1592)
• WATSON, WILLIAM (1858- )
• WATSON, WILLIAM (c. 1559-1603)

Watson, bishop of St Davids, who was deprived in 1695 by Archbishop Tennison for See also:

• SIMONY

simony and ' Unless the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the claim of Mark, bishop of See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle, to be tried by his ordinary instead of by a temporal court, be a precedent (See also:

• PHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH (1810-1885)

Phillimore, See also:

• ECCLES

Eccles . Law, p . 74, ed . 1895) . Roman Catholic Church . Lutheran Church . Church of England . 358 other offences, the legality of the See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence being finally confirmed by the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords on the 25th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1705 . It was proved in the course of the long See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument in this case that the archbishop of Canterbury had undoubtedly exercised such See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent power of visitation both before and after the Reformation; and it was on this precedent that in 1888 the judicial See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the privy council mainly relied in deciding that the archbishop had the right to cite before him the bishop of See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln (Dr See also:

• EDWARD

Edward King), who was accused of certain irregular See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual practices . The trial began on the 12th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1889 before the archbishop and certain assessors, the protest of Dr King, based on the claim that he could only be tried in a provincial synod, being overruled by Archbishop See also:

• BENSON, EDWARD WHITE (182g—1896)
• BENSON, FRANCIS ROBERT (1858— )
• BENSON, FRANK WESTON (1862— )
• BENSON, GEORGE (1699–1762)

Benson on the grounds above stated . The main importance of the " Lincoln See also:

• JUDGMENT

Judgment," delivered on the 21st of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1890, is that it set a new precedent for the effective jurisdiction of the arch-bishop, based on the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient canon law, and so did something towards the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of a purely " spiritual " court, the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of which had been one of the main grievances of a large See also:

• BODY

body of the clergy . It is the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of the archbishop of Canterbury to crown the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings and queens of England .

He is entitled to consecrate all the bishops within his province and was formerly entitled, upon consecrating a bishop, to select a benefice within his diocese at his See also:

• OPTION (Lat. optio, choice, choosing, optare, to choose)

option for one of his chaplains, but this practice was indirectly abolished by 3 and 4 Viet. c . 111, § 42 . He is entitled to nominate eight chaplains, who had formerly certain statutory privileges, which are now abolished . He is ex officio an ecclesiastical See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for England, and has by statute the right of nominating one of the salaried ecclesiastical commissioners . The archbishop exercises the ordinary jurisdiction of a bishop over his diocese through his consistory court at Canterbury, the judge of which court is styled the commissary-general of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and diocese of Canterbury . The archbishop holds a visitation of his diocese personally every' three years, and he is the only diocesan who has kept up the triennial visitation of the See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean and See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of his See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral.' The archbishop of Canterbury takes precedence immediately after princes of the See also:

• BLOOD

blood royal and over every peer of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament, including the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor . The archbishop of York has immediate spiritual jurisdiction as metropolitan in the case of all vacant sees within the province of York, analogous to that which is exercised by the archbishop of Canterbury within the province of Canterbury . He has also an appellate jurisdiction of an analogous See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, which he exercises through his provincial court, whilst his diocesan jurisdiction is exercised through his consistorial court, the See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges of both courts being nominated by the archbishop . His ancient testamentary and matrimonial jurisdiction was transferred to the crown by the same statutes which divested the see of Canterbury of its jurisdiction in similar matters . It is the privilege of the archbishop of York to crown the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort and to be her perpetual See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain . The archbishop of York takes precedence over all subjects of the crown not of royal blood, but after the lord high chancellor of England . He is ex officio an ecclesiastical commissioner for England (see further ENGLAND, CHURCH OF) .

" The Church of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland had at the time of the Act of See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union four archbishops, who took their titles from See also:

• ARMAGH

Armagh, See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, See also:

• CASHEL

Cashel and See also:

• TUAM

Tuam . By acts of 1833 and 1834, the metropolitans of Cashel and of Tuam were reduced to the status of diocesan bishops . The two archbishoprics of Armagh and Dublin are maintained in the disestablished Church of Ireland . The title archbishop has been used in certain of the colonial churches, e.g . See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, See also:

• CANADA

Canada, and the West Indies, since 1893, when it was assumed by the metropolitans of Canada and See also:

• RUPERT (1352—1410)
• RUPERT (HRODBERT), ST
• RUPERT, PRINCE, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE AND DUKE OF BAVARIA (1619—1682)

Rupert's See also:

• LAND

Land (see ANGLICAN COMMUNION) . 1 The court of Peculiars is no longer held, inasmuch as the peculiars have been placed by acts of parliament under the ordinary jurisdiction of the bishops of the respective dioceses in which they are situated . See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

ARCHDEACON Archbishops have the title of His (or Your) See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

Grace and Most See also:

• REVEREND (Lat. reverendus, gerundive of revereri, to revere, pay respect to)

Reverend See also:

• FATHER

Father in See also:

• GOD

God . See See also:

• HINSCHIUS, PAUL (1835–1898)

Hinschius, See also:

• SYSTEM

System See also:

• DES

des katholischen Kirchenrechts (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1869), also See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article " Erzbischof," in Hauck, Realencyklopeidie (1898) ; Phillimore, The Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of England, and authorities there cited . (W . A .