See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

ARCHDUKE (See also:

• LAT

Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)  , a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar now to the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian royal See also:

• FAMILY

family . According to See also:

• SELDEN, JOHN (1584–1654)

Selden it denotes " an See also:

• EXCELLENCY (Lat. excellentia, excellence)

excellency or pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence only, not a superiority or See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power over other See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes, as in See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop it doth over other bishops." Yet in this latter sense it would seem to have been assumed by See also:

• BRUNO (BRUN, BRUNS) OF QUERFURT, SAINT (c. 975-1009)
• BRUNO, GIORDANO (c. 1548-1600)
• BRUNO, or BRUN (925–965)
• BRUNO, SAINT

Bruno of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, archbishop of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, and See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine (953—965), when he divided his duchy into the dukedoms of Upper and See also:

• LOWER

Lower Lorraine . The designation was, however, exceedingly rare during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . The title of See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke of Lorraine ceased with the circumstances which had produced it . The later dynasties of See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant and Lorraine, when these fiefs became hereditary, See also:

• BORE

bore only-the title of duke . The See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg, therefore, did not acquire this title with the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of the dukes of Lorraine . Nor does it occur in any of the charters granted to the dukes of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria by the emperors; though in that creating the first duke of Austria the archiduces palatii, i.e. the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal dukes of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, are mentioned . The " Archidux Austriae, seu Austriae inferioris 'i is spoken of by See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph (d . 1138) in his See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles of the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of St Trond (Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium) but this is no more than a rhetorical flourish, and the title of " archduke See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine " (Pfalz-Erzherzog) was, in fact, assumed first by Duke Rudolph IV . (d . 1365), and was one of the rights and privileges included in his famous See also:

• FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

forgery of the See also:

• YEAR

year 1358, the privilegium maius, which purported to have been bestowed by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick I. on the dukes of Austria in See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the genuine privilegium minus of 1156, granted to the See also:

• MARGRAVE (Ger. Markgraf)

margrave See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II . Rudolph IV. used the title on his See also:

• SEALS

seals and charters till he was compelled to desist by the emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV .

The title was also assumed for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, probably on the strength of the privilegium maius, by Duke Ernest of See also:

• STYRIA (German, Steiermark or Steyermark)

Styria (d . 1424); but it did not legally belong to the house of Habsburg until 1453, when Duke Ernest's son, the emperor Frederick III . (Frederick V., duke of Styria and See also:

• CARINTHIA (Ger. Kdrnten)

Carinthia, 1424-1493, of Austria, 1463-1493), confirmed the privilegium mains and conferred the title of archduke of Austria on his son See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian and his heirs . The title archduke (or archduchess) is now See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by all members of the Austrian imperial house . See See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Selden, Titles of Honor (1672) ; See also:

• ANTONIUS

Antonius Matthaeus, De nobi/itate, de principibus, de ducibus, &c., libri quatuor (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam and See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden, 1696, See also:

• LIB

lib. i. cap . 6) ; Pfeffel, Abrege chronologique de l'hist. et du See also:

• DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

droit public d'Allemagne (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1766) ; Brinckmeier, Glossarium diplomaticum, &c . (1850-1863, 2 vols.) ; J . F . See also:

• JOACHIM, JOSEPH (1831—1907)

Joachim, " Abhandlung von dem Titel ` Erzherzog,' welchen das Haus Oesterreich fiihrt," in Prufende Gesellschaft zu See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle, q; F . Wachter, See also:

• ART

art . " Erzherzog," in Allgem . Encykl. der Wissenschaften u .

Kiinste (1842, pub. by See also:

• ERSCH, JOHANN SAMUEL (1766–1828)

Ersch and See also:

• GRUBER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED (1774-1851)

Gruber) ; A . See also:

• HUBER, FRANCOIS (1750-1831)
• HUBER, JOHANN NEPOMUK (1830-1879)
• HUBER, LUDWIG FERDINAND (1764–1804)

Huber, Ueber See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Entstehungszeit der oesterreichischen Freiheitsbriefe (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1860; W . Erben, See also:

• DES

Des Privilegium Friedrichs I. See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur das Herzogtum Osterreich (Vienna, 1902) .