See also:

• AREMBERG, or ARENBERG

AREMBERG, or ARENBERG  , formerly a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German duchy of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire in the circle of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine See also:

• PALATINATE (Ger. Pfalz)

Palatinate, between Jtilich and See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, and now belonging to the Prussian administrative See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)

Coblenz . The See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of See also:

• AREMBERG, or ARENBERG

Aremberg is at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of a See also:

• BASALT

basalt See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill 2067 ft. high, on the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of which are the ruins of the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle which was the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original seat of the See also:

• FAMILY

family of Aremberg . The lords of Aremberg first appear See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but had died out in the male See also:

• LINE

line by 1279 . From the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of the heiress Mathilda (1282–1299) with Engelbert II., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of La Marck (d . 1328), sprang two sons . The See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder of these, Adolf II, (d . 1347), inherited the countship of La Marck; the second, Engelbert III . (d . 1387), the lordship of Aremberg, which he increased by his marriage with See also:

• MARIE

Marie de Looz, heiress of Lumain . The lordship of Aremberg remained in his family till 1547, when it passed, by his marriage with See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, See also:

• SISTER

sister of the childless See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert III., to See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Barbancon, of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Ligne, who assumed the name and arms of Aremberg, and was created a count of the Empire by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V . He was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, and for a while commanded the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish and See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic forces against the " beggars," falling at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Heiligerlee in 1568 . His son Charles (d .

1618) greatly in-creased the possessions of the house by his marriage with See also:

• ANN

Ann of Croy, heiress of Croy and of See also:

• CHIMAY

Chimay-Aerschot, and in 1576 was made See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of the Empire by See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian II . His See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, was made See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke in 1644 by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand III., and was succeeded by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Charles See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene (d . 1681), who married Marie Henriette de Vergy de Cusance, heiress of Perwez (d . 1700) . Their son, Duke Philip Charles Francis, was killed in 1691 fighting against the See also:

• TURKS

Turks, and was succeeded by See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold (1754), a distinguished soldier of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of the Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession, and See also:

• PATRON

patron of See also:

• ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE (1671-1741)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES (1712-1778)
• ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. At first he received a business training, but soon displayed aptitu

Rousseau and See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire . His son Charles (d . 1778) was an See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal during the Seven Years' War, and married See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise Margaret of La Marck-Lumain, heiress of the countship of See also:

• SCHLEIDEN, MATTHIAS JAKOB (1804-1881)

Schleiden and lordship of Saffenberg . By the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• LUNEVILLE

Luneville (See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1801), the next duke, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Engelbert, lost the greater See also:

• PART

part of his ancestral domain, but received in See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation Meppen and See also:

• RECKLINGHAUSEN

Recklinghausen . On the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the See also:

• CON

con-federation of the Rhine, his son Prosper Louis (to whom, becoming See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind, he had ceded his domains in 1803) became a member (18o6), and showed great devotion to the interests of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; but in 1810 he See also:

• JOST, ISAAK MARKUS (1793–1860)

Jost his See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty, See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon incorporating Meppen with France and Recklinghausen with the See also:

• GRAND

grand-duchy of See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

Berg, and indemnifying him by a See also:

• RENT

rent of 240,702 francs . In 1815 he received back his possessions, which were mediatized by the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, Recklinghausen falling to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia and Meppen to See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover . On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the one portion he became a peer of the Westphalian estates, and by the other a member of the upper house in Hanover . See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (9th May 1826) elevated the duke's Hanoverian possessions to a dukedom under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Aremberg Meppen .

His brother Auguste See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond, See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

Comte de la Marck (1753-1833), became famous during the early stages of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution for his friendship with See also:

• MIRABEAU, ANDRE BONIFACE LOUIS RIQUETI, VICOMTE DE (1754-1792)
• MIRABEAU, HONORS GABRIEL RIQUETI, COMTE DE (1749-1791)
• MIRABEAU, VICTOR RIQUETI, MARQUIS DE (1715-1789)

Mirabeau (q.v.) . Duke Prosper Louis died in 1861, and was succeeded by his son Engelbert (d . 1875), who was followed in his turn by his son Engelbert (b . 1872) . The duke of Aremberg is one of the wealthiest of the great See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental nobles . His feudal domain in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany covers an See also:

• AREA

area of over 1too sq. m., besides which he has large estates in See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium and France . The duke has residences in See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, where he has a famous collection of pictures, and at the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Klemenswerth near Meppen .