See also:

• ARK (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Arche, adapted from the Lat. area, chest, cf. arcere, to shut up, enclose)„ a chest, basket or box. The Hebrew word tebah, translated in the' A.V. by " ark," is used in the Old Testament (1)

ARK (a word See also:

• COMMON

common to See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, cf. Ger. Arche, adapted from the See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• AREA

area, See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest, cf. arcere, to shut up, enclose)„ a chest, See also:

• BASKET

basket or See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box. The See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew word tebah, translated in the' A.V. by " ark," is used in the Old Testament (1)  of the See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box made of bulrushes in which See also:

• PHARAOH (Par'oh)

Pharaoh's daughter found the See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses (See also:

• EXODUS, BOOK OF
• EXODUS, THE

Exodus ii . 3), and (2) of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel or See also:

• SHIP

ship in which See also:

• NOAH (ni, rest; Septuagint, New Testament, Philo, Josephus, Na*, N&i os, Nweos: Vulg. Noe)

Noah took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge during the See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood (See also:

• GENESIS
• GENESIS (Gr. 'ybeo-es, becoming; the term being used in English as a synonym for origin or process of coming into being)

Genesis vi.–ix.) . Noah's See also:

• ARK (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Arche, adapted from the Lat. area, chest, cf. arcere, to shut up, enclose)„ a chest, basket or box. The Hebrew word tebah, translated in the' A.V. by " ark," is used in the Old Testament (1)

Ark.— According to the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story in Genesis, Noah's ark was large enough to contain his See also:

• FAMILY

family and representatives of each See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal . Its dimensions are given as 300 cubits See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, 50 cubits broad and 30 cubits high (cubit= 18-22 in.) . It was made of " See also:

• GOPHER (Testudo polyphemus)

gopher " See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, which has been variously identified with See also:

• CYPRESS (Cupressus)

cypress, See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine and See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

cedar . Before the days of the " higher See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism " and the rise of the See also:

• MODERN

modern scientific views as to the origin of See also:

• SPECIES

species, there was much discussion among the learned, and many ingenious and curious theories were advanced, as to the number of the animals and the space necessary for their reception, with elaborate calculations as to the subdivisions of the ark and the quantities of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, &c., required to be stored . It may be interesting to recall the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account given in the first edition of the See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica (1771), which contained a See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of some of these various views (substantially repeated up to the publication of the eighth edition, 1853) . "Some have thought the dimensions of the ark as given by Moses too scanty . . . and hence an See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument has been See also:

• DRAWN

drawn against the authority of the relation . To solve this difficulty many of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Fathers and the modern critics have been put to miserable shifts . But Buteo and See also:

• KIRCHER, ATHANASIUS (r6oi-168o)

Kircher have proved geometrically that, taking the cubit of a See also:

• FOOT

foot and a See also:

• HALF

half, the ark was abundantly sufficient for all the animals supposed to be lodged in it . Snellius computes the ark to have been above half an See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

acre in See also:

• AREA

area .

. . and Dr See also:

• ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER (1538-1583)
• ARBUTHNOT, JOHN (1667-1735)

Arbuthnot computes it to have been 81,062 tuns . . . if we come to a calculation the number of species of animals will be found much less than is generally imagined, not amounting to a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred species of quadrupeds, nor to two hundred of birds . . . . Zoologists usually reckon but an hundred and seventy species in all . The progress of the " higher criticism," and the See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual surrender of attempts to square scientific facts with a literal See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, are indicated in the shorter account given in the eighth edition, which concludes as follows:—" the insuperable difficulties connected with the belief that all the existing species of animals were provided for in the ark, are obviated by adopting the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion of See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• STILLINGFLEET, EDWARD (1635—1699)

Stillingfleet, approved by See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole, See also:

• PYE, HENRY JAMES (1745-1813)

Pye See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, le Clerc, Rossenmuller and others, that the See also:

• DELUGE, THE (through the Fr. from Lat. diluvium, flood, diluere, to wash away)

deluge did not extend beyond the region of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth then inhabited, and that only the animals of that region were pre-served in the ark." The first edition also gives an See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving of the ark (repeated in the See also:

• EDITIONS

editions up to the fifth), in shape like a long roofed box, floating on the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters; the animals are seen in See also:

• SEPARATE

separate stalls . By the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the ninth edition (1875) precise details are no longer considered worthy of inclusion; and the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of scientific See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology has been reached . For a comparative study of the occurrence of the ark in the various deluge myths, in the See also:

• PRESENT

present edition, see DELUGE; See also:

• COSMOGONY (from Gr. K6Qµos, world and yiyvevGay to be born)

COSMOGONY; BABYLONIA AND See also:

• ASSYRIA

ASSYRIA . The Ark of the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law, in the Jewish See also:

• SYNAGOGUE (avvaywyii)
• SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

synagogue, is a See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest or See also:

• CUPBOARD

cupboard containing the scrolls of the Torah (See also:

• PENTATEUCH

Pentateuch), and is placed against or in the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall in the direction of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . It forms one of the most decorative features of the synagogue, and often takes an architectural See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, with columns, See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches and a See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome . There is a See also:

• FINE

fine example in the synagogue at Great St Helens, See also:

• LONDON

London . (X.) Ark of the See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

Covenant, Ark of the See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

Revelation, Ark of the Testimony, are the full names of the sacred chest of See also:

• ACACIA

acacia wood overlaid with See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold which the Israelites took with them on their See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey into See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine . The Biblical narratives reveal traces of a considerable development in the traditions regarding this sacred See also:

• OBJECT

object, and those which furnish the most See also:

• COMPLETE

complete detail are of See also:

• POST

post-exilic date when the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original ark had been lost .

The See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

fuller titles of the ark originate in the belief that it contained the " covenant " (berith) or " testimony " (`eduth), the technical terms for the See also:

• DECALOGUE (in patristic Gr. 7] SercaXoyos, sc. (3i(3)tos or vopoGevia)

Decalogue (q.v.) ; primarily, however, it would seem to have been called " the ark of Yahweh" (or " Elohim "), or simply " the ark." The word itself (dron) designates an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary chest (cp . Gen . 1 . 26; 2 See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings xii. xo), and the (See also:

• LATE

late) description of its See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance represents it as an oblong box 21 cubits long, x4 cubits in549 breadth and height (roughly I.2 by •75 metres) . It was lined within and without with gold, and through four See also:

• GOLDEN

golden rings were placed staves of acacia wood, by means of which it was carried . A slab of the same See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal (the so-called "See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy-seat," kapporeth, Gr. hilasterion) covered the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top, and this was surmounted by two See also:

• CHERUBIM

Cherubim (Ex. See also:

• XXV

xxv . 10-22, See also:

• XXXVII

xxxvii . 1-9) . The latter, however, are not mentioned in earlier passages (Dent. x . 1, 3), and would naturally increase the See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of the ark, which, according to 2 Sam. xv . 29, could be carried by two men . The ark was See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by the See also:

• LEVITES

Levites (Deut. x .

8), and the latest narratives amplify the statement with a See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of detail characteristic of the post-exilic See also:

• INTEREST

interest in this See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . (See LEvITEs.) An interesting passage See also:

• RELATING

relating the commencement of an Israelite journey vividly illustrates the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the sacred object . As the ark started, it was hailed with the cry," Arise, Yahweh, let thine enemies be scattered, let them that hate thee flee from before thee," and when it came to See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, the cry again rang out," Return, O Yahweh, to the myriads of families of See also:

• ISRAEL (Hebrew for " God strives " or " rules "; see Gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in Hosea xii. 4)

Israel" (Num. x . 33-36) . This saying appears to imply a settled See also:

• LIFE

life in See also:

• CANAAN, CANAANITES

Canaan, but both affirm the warlike significance of Yahweh and the ark . Thus it is the permanent See also:

• PLEDGE

pledge of Yahweh's gracious presence; it guides the See also:

• PEOPLE

people on their journey and leads them to victory . It is no See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere receptacle, but a sacrosanct object as much to be feared as Yahweh himself . To presume to fight without it was to invite defeat, and on one notable occasion the Israelites attempted to attack their enemy See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Kadesh without its aid, and were. defeated (Num. xiv . 44 sq.) . There are many gaps in its See also:

• HISTORY

history, and although at the See also:

• CROSSING

crossing of the See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan and at the fall of See also:

• JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

Jericho the ark figures prominently (Josh. iii. sq., vi. sq.), it is unaccountably missing in stories of greater See also:

• NATIONAL

national moment . Once it is found at See also:

• BETHEL (Heb. " House of God ")

Bethel (See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

Judges xx . 27 sq.) .

It is met with again at See also:

• SHILOH
• SHILOH, BATTLE OF

Shiloh, where it is under the care of See also:

• ELI (Hebrew for "high"? i Sam. chaps. i.-iv.)

Eli and his sons, descendants of an ancient family of priests (I Sam. ii . 28; cp . Josh. xviii . I) . After a great defeat of Israel by the See also:

• PHILISTINES

Philistines it was brought into the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, but was captured by the enemy . The See also:

• TROPHY (Gr. Tpo7rauov, from TpE7rw, put to flight; Lat. tropaeum)

trophy was set up in the See also:

• PHILISTINE

Philistine See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Ashdod, but vindicated its superiority by overthrowing the See also:

• GOD

god See also:

• DAGON

Dagon . A See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague smote the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and when it was removed to See also:

• EKRON (better, as in the Septuagint and Josephus, ACCARON, 'AKhapWV)

Ekron, pestilence followed in its See also:

• WAKE (A.S. wacan, to " wake " or " watch ")
• WAKE, THOMAS (1297-1349)
• WAKE, WILLIAM (1657-1737)

wake . After taking counsel the Philistines placed the ark with a votive offering upon a new See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart drawn by two cows . The beasts went of their own See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord to Beth-shemesh,, where it remained in the field of a certain See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua . Again a disaster happened through some obscure cause, and seventy of the sons of Jeconiah were smitten (r Sam. vi . 19, R.V., margin) . Thence it was removed to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Abinadab of Kirjath-jearim, who consecrated his son to its service (r Sam. iv.-vii .

I) . For many years the ark remained untouched—apparently forgotten . Shiloh disappears from history; neither See also:

• SAUL (Heb. shd'ul, " asked ")

Saul nor even See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel, whose youth had been spent with it, takes any further thought of it . After a remarkable See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of obscurity, the ark enters suddenly into the history of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David (2 Sam. vi.) . Some time after the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Jerusalem the ark was brought from See also:

• BAAL

Baal-See also:

• JUDAH

Judah, but at the threshing-See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor of Nacon (an unintelligible name) Abinadab's son Uzzah laid hands upon it and was struck down for his impiety . On this account the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is said to have received the name See also:

• PEREZ, ANTONIO (c. 1540-1611)

Perez-Uzzah (" See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of Uzzah ") . It was taken into the house of Obed-See also:

• EDOM

edom the Gittite (i.e. of See also:

• GATH

Gath); and brought a blessing upon his house during the three months that it remained there . Finally the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king had it conveyed to the city of David, where a See also:

• TENT

tent was prepared to shelter it . Once at Jerusalem, it seems to have lost its unique value as the token of Yahweh's presence; its importance was apparently merged with that of the Temple which See also:

• SOLOMON, ODES OF
• SOLOMON, PSALMS OF

Solomon built . The See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital would pave the way for the belief that the national god had taken a permanent dwelling-place in the royal seat . The prophets themselves See also:

• LAY

lay no weight upon the ark as the central point of Jerusalem's holiness . The real Deuteronomic See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code does not mention it, and to See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah (iii .

16) it was a thing of no consequence . Later, in the age of the priestly See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, the ark received much See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, although it must obviously be very doubtful how far a true recollection of its history has survived . But nowhere is any See also:

• LIGHT

light thrown upon its See also:

• FATE

fate . The invasion of Shishak, the 550 capture of Jerusalem by See also:

• JOASH, or JEHOASH (Heb. " Yahweh is strong, or bath given ")

Joash (2 Kings xiv . 13,14), the troublous reign of See also:

• MANASSEH (7th cent. B.C.)
• MANASSEH (apparently Hebrew for " he who causes to for-get," but see H. W. Hogg, Encyc. Bib., s.v.); in the Bible, a tribe of Israel, the elder but less important of the "sons" of Joseph. Its seat lay to the north of Ephraim, but its boundaries can scarce

Manasseh, the destruction of Jerusalem by See also:

• NEBUCHADREZZAR, or NEBUCHADNEZZAR

Nebuchadrezzar, have found each its supporters . The See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild legends of its preservation at the taking of Jerusalem (2 See also:

• MACE (Fr. masse, O. Fr. mace, connected with Lat.'ntateola, a mallet)

Mace. ii. and else-where) only show that the popular mind was unable to See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share the view that the ark was an obsolete relic . More poetical is the tradition that the ark was raised to See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven, there to remain till the coming of the See also:

• MESSIAH (Dan. x. 25, 26)

Messiah, a thought which embodies the spiritual See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea that a heavenly pledge of God's covenant and faithfulness had superseded the earthly See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol.' A See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical examination of the history of the Israelite ark renders it far from certain that the object was originally the See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of all Israel . Many different traditions have gathered around the story of the Exodus, and the ark was not the only divinely sent See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide or forerunner which led the Israelites . Its presence at Shiloh, and its prominence in the life of Joshua, support the view that it was the See also:

• PALLADIUM (Gr. sraXXit&ov)
• PALLADIUM [symbol Pd, atomic weight Io6.7 (O=16)]

palladium of the See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph tribes, but the traditions in question conflict with others . The account of the commencement of the ark's journey associates it with Moses and his See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin (Num. x . 29 sqq.)—that is, with the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south Palestinian clans with which the See also:

• TERM

term " Levites " appears to be closely connected . (See LEVITES.) A distinct See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement See also:

• DIRECT

direct into Judah is implied by certain old traditions (see See also:

• CALEB (Heb. keleb, " dog ")

CALEB), but this is subordinated to the more comprehensive account of the journey See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round by the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the Jordan .

(See Exodus, THE.) The narratives in i Sam. iv.–vi. stand on a See also:

• PLANE

plane by themselves, and the See also:

• GAP

gap between them and 2 Sam. vi. has not been satisfactorily fixed . But it is not certain that the two belong to the same See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of tradition; Kirjath-jearim and Baal-Judah are identified only in later writings, and the behaviour of Saul's daughter (2 Sam. vi . 15 sqq.) may conceivably imply that the ark was an unknown object to Benjamites . It is of course possible that the ark was originally the sacred See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine of the clans which came direct to Judah, and that the traditions in r Sam. iv.–vi., Josh.iii. sqq. are of secondary origin, and are to be associated with its appearance at Shiloh, the fall of which place, although attributed to the time of Samuel, is apparently regarded by Jeremiah (See also:

• XXVI

xxvi . 6) as a See also:

• RECENT

recent event . Of these two divergent traditions, it would seem that the one which associates it with the kin of Moses and David may be traced farther in those late narratives which connect the ark closely with the Levites and even attribute its workmanship to Bezalel, a Calebite (Ex. xxxi . 2; I Chron. ii . 19 sqq.) . The tradition in See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms cxxxii . 6.of the See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search for the ark at Jaar (Kirjath-jearim) and Ephratah is not clear; but a comparison with r Chron. ii . 50 seems to show that it recognized the " Calebite " origin of the ark . See, on this, S.A.See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

Cook, Critical Notes on 0 .

T . History (See also:

• INDEX

Index s.v.), and, for other views, Kosters, Theol . Tijd. See also:

• XXVII

xxvii . 361 sqq.; See also:

• CHEYNE, THOMAS KELLY (1841— )

Cheyne, Encyc . Bib . " Ark "; G . See also:

• WESTPHAL, RUDOLF (1826—1892)

Westphal, Yahwes Wohnstatten, pp . 55 sqq., 85 sqq . (See also:

• GIESSEN

Giessen, 1908) . Whether the ark originally contained some symbol of Yahweh or not has been the subject of much discussion . Thus, it has been held that it contained See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone fetishes (meteoric stones and the like) from Yahweh's original See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode on See also:

• SINAI

Sinai or See also:

• HOREB

Horeb . As the palladium of the Joseph tribes, it has even been suggested that the bones of Joseph. were treasured in the ark .

Others have regarded it as an empty portable See also:

• THRONE

throne,2 or as a receptacle for sacred serpents (analogies in Frazer, See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias, iv. pp . 292, 344) . That it contained the tables of the law (Deut. x . 2; 1 Kings viii . 9) was the later Israelite view, and the subsequent development is illustrated in Heb. ix . 4 . It is enough to decide that the ark represented in some way or other the presence of Yahweh and that the safety of his followers depended upon its See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security (analogies in Frazer, Paus. x. p . 283) . The Semitic See also:

• WORLD

world affords many examples of the belief that a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion was See also:

• PART

part of his See also:

• POLITICAL

political connexion and that the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality involved 'Cp . Rev. xi . 19, and W . R .

Smith, Old Test. in Jeu' . See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, Index . For later traditional material, see See also:

• BUXTORF, or BUXTORFF, JOHANNES (1564-1629)
• BUXTORF, or BUXTORIT, JOHANNES (1599-1664)

Buxtorf, De Area Foederis (See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel, 1659) . ' But see Budde, Expos . Times (1898), pp . 398 sqq . ; Theolog . See also:

• STUD

Stud. u . Krit . (1906), pp . 489-507 . The possibility must be conceded that there were several arks in the course of See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew history and that separate tribes or See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of tribes had their own sacred object.change of curt .

He who leaves his See also:

• LAND

land to enter another, leaves his god and is influenced by the religion of his new See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home (I Sam. xxvi . 19; See also:

• RUTH, BOOK OF

Ruth i. i6 sqq.), but strangers know not " the cult of the God of the land " (2 Kings xvii . 26) . No nation willingly changes its god (Jer. ii . II), and there are means whereby the follower of Yahweh may continue his See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship even when outside Yahweh's land (2 Kings v . 17) . When a people migrate they may take with them their god, and if they conceive him to be a spiritual being who cannot be represented by an See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image, they may See also:

• DESIRE

desire a symbolical expression of or, rather, a substitute for his presence . Accordingly the conception of the ark must be based in the first instance upon the beliefs of the particular clans or tribes whose sacred object it was . See further, W . R . Smith, Religion of the Semites, p . 37 ; Schwally, Kriegsaltertumer, i. p .

9 ; Revue biblique (1903), pp . 249 sqq . ; and on the ark, generally, in addition to the literature already cited, Kautzsch, See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings' See also:

• DIET

Diet . Bible, v. p . 628; A . R . S . See also:

• KENNEDY
• KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL (1804-1889)
• KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS (1788-1879)
• KENNEDY, WALTER (c. 1460–c. 1508)

Kennedy, See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century Bible: Samuel (Appendix) ; E . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Israeliten, Index s.v . Lade," ; and R . H . See also:

• KENNETT, WHITE (1660–1728)

Kennett, Enc. of Rel. and See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

Ethics .

(S . A .