ARMIL See also:

• ARMIL ARMILLA

ARMILLA  or ARMILLARY See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

SPHERE (from the See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• ARMILLA, ARMIL

armilla, a See also:

• BRACELET, or ARMLET

bracelet), an See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument used in See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy . In its simplest See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, consisting. of a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring fixed in the See also:

• PLANE

plane of the See also:

• EQUATOR (Late Lat. aequator, from aequare, to make equal)

equator, the armilla is oe of the most See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient of astronomical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments . Slightly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, it was crossed by another ring fixed in the plane of the See also:

• MERIDIAN
• MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day)

meridian . The first was an equinoctial, the second a solstitial armilla . Shadows were used as indices of the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun's position, in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination with angular divisions . When several rings or circles were combined representing See also:

• PIE

Pie See also:

• GREAT

great circles of the heavens, the instrument became an armillary sphere . Armillae are said to have been in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early use in See also:

• CHINA

China . Eratosthenes (276–196 B.C.) used most probably a solstitial armilla for measuring the obliquity of the See also:

• ECLIPTIC

ecliptic . See also:

• HIPPARCHUS (fl. 146-126 B.c.)

Hipparchus (160–125 B.c.) probably used an armillary sphere of four rings . See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy (c . A.D . 107—161) describes his instrument in the Syntaxis (See also:

• BOOK

book v. See also:

• CHAP

chap. i.), and it is of great See also:

• INTEREST

interest as an example of the armillary sphere passing into the spherical See also:

• ASTROLABE (from Gr. liar pop, star, and Aa(3eiv, to take)

astrolabe .

It consisted of a graduated circle inside which another could slide, carrying two small tubes diametrically opposite, the instrument being kept See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical by a plumb-See also:

• LINE

line . See also:

• ZENITH (from the Arabic)

Zenith From M . Blundeville's See also:

• TREATISE

Treatise of the first principles of Cosmography and specially of the Spheare . Armillary Sphere . A.D . 1636 . No material advance was made on Ptolemy's instrument until Tycho See also:

• BRAHE, PER, COUNT (1602-1680)
• BRAHE, TYCHO (1546-1601)

Brahe, whose elaborate armillary See also:

• SPHERES, MUSIC OF THE

spheres passing into astrolabes are figured in his Astron'miae Instauratae Mechanica . 576 The armillary sphere survives as useful for teaching, and may be described as a See also:

• SKELETON

skeleton See also:

• CELESTIAL, OR STELLAR

celestial globe, the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of rings representing the great circles of the heavens, and revolving on an See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis within a See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon . With the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth as centre such a sphere is known as Ptolemaic; with the sun as centre, as Copernican . The designer of the instrument shown no doubt thought, that the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

pole might suitably have the same See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament as was used to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark N. on the See also:

• COMPASS (Fr. corn pas, ultimately from Lat. cum, with, and passus, step)

compass card, and so surmounted it with the fleur-de-lys, traditionally chosen for that purpose on the compass by Flavio See also:

• GIOJA, MELCHIORRE (1767-1829)

Gioja in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily and See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . Armillary spheres occur in many old sculptures, paintings and engravings; and from these See also:

• SOURCES

sources we know that they were made for suspension, for resting on the ground or on a table, for holding by a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short handle, or either for holding or for resting on a stand .