See also:

• ARNHEM, or ARNHEIM

ARNHEM, or ARNHEIM  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Gelder-See also:

• LAND

land, See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine (here crossed by a See also:

• PONTOON (Fr. ponton, from Lat. pons, a bridge)

pontoon See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge), and a junction station 35 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail E.S.E. of See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht . Pop . (1900) 57,240 . It is connected by See also:

• TRAMWAY

tramway with See also:

• ZUTPHEN, or ZUTFEN

Zutphen and Utrecht, and there is a See also:

• REGULAR

regular service of steamers to See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, See also:

• NIJMWEGEN, NIMEGUEN, NYMEGEN

Nijmwegen, See also:

• TIEL

Tiel, 's Hertogenbosch and See also:

• ROTTERDAM

Rotterdam . See also:

• ARNHEM, or ARNHEIM

Arnhem is a See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

gay and fashionable See also:

• TOWN

town prettily situated at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Veluwe hills, and enjoys a See also:

• SPECIAL

special reputation for beauty on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of its wooded andhilly surroundings, which have attracted many wealthy See also:

• PEOPLE

people to its neighbourhood . The Groote Kerk of St See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius, built in the third See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, contains the See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles (d . 1538), the last See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GELDERLAND (Guelders)
• GELDERLAND, GELDERS

Gelderland of the See also:

• EGMONT (EGMOND), LAMORAL, COUNT OF
• EGMONT, EARLS OF

Egmont See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty . High up against the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall is an effigy of the same duke in his See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour . The See also:

• FINE

fine lofty See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower contains a See also:

• CHIME

chime of See also:

• FORTY

forty-five bells . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St Walburgis is of earlier date, and a new Roman Catholic church See also:

• DATES

dates from 1894 . The town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall was built as a See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace by Maarten See also:

• VAN

van Rossum, Duke Charles's See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, at the end of the 15th century, and was only converted to its See also:

• PRESENT

present use in 183o . Its See also:

• GROTESQUE

grotesque See also:

• EXTERNAL

external ornamentation earned for it the name of Duiveishuis, or See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house .

The provincial See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government house occupies the site of the former palace of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Gelderland . Other buildings are the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-house, a public library containing many old See also:

• WORKS

works, a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, a large See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert-hall, a museum of antiquities (as well as a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate collection of See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish antiquities), a gymnasium, a teachers' and See also:

• ART

art school, a See also:

• BUILDING

building (188o) to contain the provincial archives, a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital (1889) and See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks . On account of its proximity to the fertile Betuwe See also:

• DISTRICT

district and its situation near the confluence of the Rhine and Ysel, the markets and See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping of Arnhem are in a flourishing See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition . A See also:

• WHARF

wharf for building and repairing See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron steamers was constructed in 1889 . The manufactures include woollen and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, earthenware, See also:

• SOAP

soap, carriages, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, which is cultivated in the neighbourhood . See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

Wool-combing and See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing are also carried on, and there are oil and See also:

• TIMBER

timber See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills . The environs of Arnhem are much admired . Following either the Zutphen or the Utrecht road, numerous pleasing views of the Rhine valley present themselves, and See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country houses and villas appear among the See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods on every See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . At Bronbeek, a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the town, is a hospital endowed by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William III. for soldiers of the colonial See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . Beyond is the popular summer resort of Velp, with the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Biljoen built by Charles, duke of Gelderland, in 1530, and the beautiful See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient castle of Rozendaal in the vicinity . The origin of the castle of Rozendaal is unknown . The first account of it is in connexion with a See also:

• TOURNAMENT, or TOURNEY (Fr. tournement, tournoi, Med. Lat. torneamentum, from tourner, to turn)

tournament given there by Reinald I., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Gelderland, in the beginning of the 14th century, and it ever after remained the favourite See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts and dukes of Gelderland .

About the beginning of the 18th century fountains and lanes in the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of those at See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles were laid out in the park, and soon after the castle itself, of which only the See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round tower remained (and is still See also:

• STANDING

standing), was rebuilt . The park is open to the public, and is famous for the beauty of the See also:

• BEECH

beech avenues and See also:

• FIR

fir woods . Beyond this is De Steeg, another popular resort, whence stretches the famous Middachten Allee of beech trees to Dieren . On the See also:

• APELDOORN

Apeldoorn road is Sonsbeek, with a wooded park and small lakes, formerly a private seat and now belonging to the See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality . On the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Arnhem is another See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure ground, called the Reeberg, with a See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

casino, and the woods of Heienoord . See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

Close by is the ancient and well-preserved castle of Doornwerth with its own See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel . It was the seat of an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent lordship until 1402, after which See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it was held in See also:

• FIEF

fief from the dukes of Gelderland . Beyond Doornwerth, at Renkum, is the royal country seat called Oranje-See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau's Oord, which was bought by the See also:

• CROWN

crown in 1881 . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Arnhem, called Arnoldi See also:

• VILLA

Villa in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, is, according to some, the Arenacum of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, and is first mentioned in a document in 893 . In 1233 See also:

• OTTO

Otto II., count of Gelderland, See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose this spot as his residence, conferred municipal rights on the town, and fortified it . At a later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period it entered the Hanseatic See also:

• LEAGUE

League . In 1473 it was captured by Charles the Bold of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy .

In 1505 it received the right of coining from See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, son of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian I . In 1514 Charles of Egmont, duke of Gelderland, took it from the Spaniards; but in 1543 it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to the emperor Charles V.,. who made it the seat of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of Gelderland . It joined the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of Utrecht in 1579, and _came finally under the effective government of the states-general in 1585, all the later attacks of the Spaniards being repulsed . In 1586 See also:

• SIR

Sir Philip See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney died in the town from the effects of his See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound received before Zutphen . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French took the town in 1672, but See also:

• LEFT

left it dismantled in 1674, It was refortified by the celebrated Dutch general of See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers,See also:

• COEHOORN, MENNO, BARON VAN (1641-1704)

Coehoorn, in the beginning of the 18th century . In 1795 it was again stormed by the French, and in 1813 it was taken from them by the Prussians under Billow . Gardens and promenades have now taken the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the old ramparts, the last of which was levelled in 1853 .