See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

LUDWIG ACHIM See also:

• ARNIM, ELISABETH (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859)
• ARNIM, HARRY KARL KURT EDUARD VON, COUNT (1824-1881)
• LUDWIG ACHIM ARNIM (JOACHIM) VON (1781-1831)

ARNIM (See also:

• JOACHIM, JOSEPH (1831—1907)

JOACHIM) VON (1781-1831)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German poet and novelist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin on the 26th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1781 . He studied natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science at See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle and See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, and published one or two essays on scientific subjects; but his See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent was from the first towards literature . From the earlier writings of See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe and See also:

• HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED VON (1744-1803)

Herder he learned to appreciate the beauties of German traditional legends and folk-songs; and, forming a collection of these, published the result (18o6-1808), in collaboration with Klemens See also:

• BRENTANO, KLEMENS (1778-1842)
• BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo]

Brentano (q.v.) under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• DES

Des Knaben 1Vunderhorn . From 1810 onward he lived with his wife Bettina, Brentano's See also:

• SISTER

sister, alternately at Berlin and on his See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at \Viepersdorf, near Dahme in See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, where he died on the 21st of January 1831 . See also:

• ARNIM, ELISABETH (BETTINA) VON (1785-1859)
• ARNIM, HARRY KARL KURT EDUARD VON, COUNT (1824-1881)
• ARNIM, LUDWIG ACHIM (JOACHIM) VON (1781-1831)

Arnim was a prolific and versatile writer, gifted with a sense of See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour and a refined See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination—qualities shown in the best-known of his See also:

• WORKS

works, Des Knaben Wunderhorn, deficient as this is in the philological accuracy and faithfulness to See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• SOURCES

sources which would now be expected of such a compilation . In See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, however, his writings, full as they are of the exaggerated sentiment and affectations of the romantic school, make but little See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . There are possible exceptions, such as the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short stories Fiirst Ganzgott and See also:

• SANGER, JOHN (1816–1889)

Sanger Halbgott and Der toile Invalids auf dent Fort Ratonneau and the unfinished See also:

• ROMANCE

romance See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Kronen wachter (1817), which promised to develop into one of the finest See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical romances of the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Among Arnim's other works may be mentioned Hollins Liebesleben (1802), Der Wintergarten (1809), a collection of tales; Armut, Reichtum Schuld, and Busse der Gratin Dolores (r81o), a novel; Halle and See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem (1811), a dramatic romance; and one or two smaller novels, such as See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella von Agypten (1812) . Arnim's Sdnttliche Werke were edited by his widow and published in Berlin in 1839–184o; second edition in 22 vols., 1853–1856 . Selections have been edited by J . Dohmke (1892); M . See also:

• KOCH
• KOCH, ROBERT (1843–1910)

Koch, Arnim, Klemens and Bettina Brentano, See also:

• GORRES, JOHANN JOSEPH VON (1776-1848)

Gorres (1893) .

Des Knaben Wunder-See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn has been frequently republished, the best edition being that of A . Birlinger and W . Crecelius (2 vols., 1872–1876) . See R . Steig, Achim von Arnim and Klemens Brentano (1894) . ARNIM-BOYTZENBURG, HANS GEORG VON (1581-1641), German general and diplomatist, was born in 1581 at Boytzenburg in Brandenburg . From 1613 to 16x7 he served in the See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under Gustavus See also:

• ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

Adolphus, took See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian \See also:

• VAR

Var, and afterwards fought against the See also:

• TURKS

Turks in the service of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland . In 1626, though a See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant, he was induced by See also:

• WALLENSTEIN (properly WALDSTEIN), ALBRECHT WENZEL EUSEBIUS VON

Wallenstein to join the new imperial army, in which he quickly See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, and won the esteem of his soldiers as well as that of his See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, whose See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close friend and faithful ally he became . This See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to Wallenstein, and a spirit of religious See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration, were the leading motives of a See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange career of military and See also:

• POLITICAL

political inconstancy . Thus the dismissal of Wallenstein and the perilous See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of German Protestantism after the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict of Restitution combined to induce Arnim to quit the imperial service for that of the elector of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony . He had served under Gustavus many years before, and later he had defeated him in the field, when in command of a See also:

• POLISH

Polish army; the See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war now placed Arnim at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Saxon army which fought by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Swedes at See also:

• BREITENFELD

Breitenfeld (1631), and indeed the See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance of these two Protestant See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers in the cause of their See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion was largely his See also:

• WORK

work . The reappearances of Wallenstein, how-ever, caused him to hesitate and open negotiations, though he did not See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to conceal his proceedings from the elector and Gustavus .

During the Liitzen See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign, Arnim was operating with success at the head of an allied army in See also:

• SILESIA

Silesia . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was under the hard See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of opposing his old friend in the field, but little was done by either; the complicated political situation which followed the See also:

• DEATH

death of Gustavus at See also:

• LUTZEN

Lutzen led him into a renewal of the private negotiations of the previous year, though he did nothing actually treasonable in his relations with Wallenstein . In 1634 Wallenstein was assassinated, and Arnim began at once more active operations . He won an important victory at See also:

• LIEGNITZ

Liegnitz in May 1634, but from this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he became more and more estranged from the Swedes . The See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague followed, in which Arnim's part, though considerable, was not all-important (1635) . Soon after this event he refused an offer of high command in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French army and retired from active See also:

• LIFE

life . From 1637 to1638 he was imprisoned in See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm, having been seized at Boytzenburg by the Swedes on suspicion of being concerned in various intrigues . He made his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape ultimately, and returned to Saxony . Arnim died suddenly at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden in 1641, whilst engaged in raising an army to See also:

• FREE

free German See also:

• SOIL

soil from See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign armies of all kinds . (See See also:

• THIRTY

THIRTY YEARS' WAR.) See K . G . Helbig, " Wallenstein and Arnim " (185o) and " Der Prager Friede," in See also:

• RAUMER, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG GEORG VON (1781–1873)

Raumer's Historisches Taschenbuch (1858); also E .

D . M . Kirchner, Das Schloss Boytzenburg, &c . (186o) and Archie See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur die sdchsische Geschichte, vol. viii . (1870) .